A carregar...
Publicação
Levantamento e Priorização de Oportunidades de Melhoria de Eficiência Energética
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.78 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O aumento do dióxido de carbono na atmosfera é um fator-chave no aquecimento global, levando a mudanças climáticas e danos ambientais. Isso levou à definição de metas ambientais, como o Acordo de Paris, exigindo contribuições de todos os setores, incluindo a indústria.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e aplicar oportunidades de melhoria da eficiência energética na refinaria de Sines, com o intuito de otimizar a sua eficiência energética, reduzindo as emissões de CO2 por 40% até 2030, comparativamente a 2017, e atingir a neutralidade de carbono em 2050, tal como está estipulado pelo plano efetuado por Portugal, no seguimento do Acordo de Paris.
Inicialmente foi construída uma curva de custo de abatimento marginal (MACC), de modo a classificar os projetos planeados pela refinaria conforme o seu custo para abater uma tonelada de CO2, determinando quais oportunidades são viáveis. Analisaram-se projetos de eficiência energética, eletrificação, melhoramento operacional, produção de hidrogénio e captura de carbono. Entre eles, as três primeiras áreas são as que apresentam mais viabilidade de implementação, mas só representam 15% do potencial de redução de emissões. Pelo contrário, as duas últimas áreas têm um share de 85%, mas apresentam maiores custos.
Depois, desenvolveram-se dois casos de estudo, baseados em simulações no software PetroSIM, onde se verificou a viabilidade de implementar a permuta de calor em correntes do processo atual da refinaria. No primeiro caso de estudo relativo à simulação da permuta de calor entre a corrente de topo da fracionadora FC-V-7 e a corrente de crude antes de entrar no trem de permuta, obteve-se uma redução de 860 Mcal/h de combustível nos fornos CC-H1, tendo o projeto um valor total de investimento de 6,3 milhões de euros. Para o segundo caso de estudo, relativo ao projeto da simulação da permuta de calor entre a corrente de topo e corrente de fundo da fracionadora FC-V-7, obteve-se uma produção média adicional de 2,17 ton/h de vapor de 24 bar nos geradores de vapor FC-E-4, tendo o projeto um valor total de investimento de 2,8 milhões de euros. Apenas o segundo caso de estudo apresenta retorno de investimento dentro de um período de 10 anos, com um payback de 4 anos e 7 meses.
The increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a key factor in global warming, leading to climate changes and environmental damage. This has led to the establishment of environmental goals, such as the Paris Agreement, requiring contributions from all sectors, including industry. This work aims to identify and implement opportunities for improving energy efficiency at the Sines refinery, with the goal of optimizing its energy efficiency, reducing CO2 emissions by 40% by 2030 compared to 2017, and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, as stipulated in Portugal's plan following the Paris Agreement. Initially, a marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) was built to classify the planned projects by the refinery according to their cost to abate one ton of CO2, determining which opportunities are feasible. Energy efficiency, electrification, operational improvement, hydrogen production, and carbon capture projects were analyzed. Among them, the first three areas are the most viable for implementation but only represent 15% of the emission reduction potential. In contrast, the latter two areas have an 85% share but come with higher costs. Two case studies were then developed based on simulations in the PetroSIM software, where the feasibility of implementing heat exchange in current refinery process streams was examined. In the first case study, which focused on simulating heat exchange between the upper stream of the FC-V-7 fractionator and the crude stream before entering the heat exchanger train, a reduction of 860 Mcal/h of fuel in the CC-H1 furnaces was achieved, with a total project investment of 6.3 million euros. For the second case study, which pertained to the simulation of heat exchange between the top and bottom streams of the FC-V-7 fractionator, an additional average production of 2.17 tons/h of 24-bar steam in steam generators FC-E-4 was achieved, with a total project investment of 2.8 million euros. Only the second case study provides a return on investment within a 10-year period, with a payback period of 4 years and 7 months
The increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a key factor in global warming, leading to climate changes and environmental damage. This has led to the establishment of environmental goals, such as the Paris Agreement, requiring contributions from all sectors, including industry. This work aims to identify and implement opportunities for improving energy efficiency at the Sines refinery, with the goal of optimizing its energy efficiency, reducing CO2 emissions by 40% by 2030 compared to 2017, and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, as stipulated in Portugal's plan following the Paris Agreement. Initially, a marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) was built to classify the planned projects by the refinery according to their cost to abate one ton of CO2, determining which opportunities are feasible. Energy efficiency, electrification, operational improvement, hydrogen production, and carbon capture projects were analyzed. Among them, the first three areas are the most viable for implementation but only represent 15% of the emission reduction potential. In contrast, the latter two areas have an 85% share but come with higher costs. Two case studies were then developed based on simulations in the PetroSIM software, where the feasibility of implementing heat exchange in current refinery process streams was examined. In the first case study, which focused on simulating heat exchange between the upper stream of the FC-V-7 fractionator and the crude stream before entering the heat exchanger train, a reduction of 860 Mcal/h of fuel in the CC-H1 furnaces was achieved, with a total project investment of 6.3 million euros. For the second case study, which pertained to the simulation of heat exchange between the top and bottom streams of the FC-V-7 fractionator, an additional average production of 2.17 tons/h of 24-bar steam in steam generators FC-E-4 was achieved, with a total project investment of 2.8 million euros. Only the second case study provides a return on investment within a 10-year period, with a payback period of 4 years and 7 months
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Emissões de CO2 Eficiência energética Descarbonização Hidrogénio verde Captura de carbono