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Flora Tristán e o confronto entre ideologia e preconceitos raciais
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Na presente dissertação é feita uma observação das representações de negros, afrodescendentes e escravos nas obras Peregrinations d'une paria (1837) e Promenades dans Londres (1840), da autora franco-peruana Flora Tristán. A análise encontra-se estruturada com base nos temas da raça e do pensamento racial, e a respetiva influência e relação com a escravatura nos impérios coloniais do «Novo Mundo». Em acréscimo à exploração do desenvolvimento do conceito de raça, desde a Idade Média até ao século XIX, é feita uma exposição das implicações da escravatura e do seu significado para o ser humano como individuo e ser social, assim como da forma como esta instituição social molda e estabelece relações entre escravos e senhores e entre escravos e a sociedade envolvente. Pelas suas características sem par na história da humanidade, a escravatura é, no presente trabalho, apresentada como a mais violenta das formas de dominação. É feita uma exposição das atrocidades geradas por esta instituição social, mas também da reação das vítimas da mesma. Assim, a presente dissertação contempla também os modos de resistência à opressão, e a forma como a mesma foi levada a cabo pelos escravos afrodescendentes no continente americano. Após uma análise conceptual e histórica destes temas, os mesmos são analisados nas obras de Flora Tristán, acima referidas. A parte mais significativa da nossa análise tem por base a obra, Peregrinations d'une paria, que deixa registo da viagem de Flora Tristán ao Peru, entre 1833-1834. Com base nesta obra, é feita uma observação dos primeiros encontros de Tristán com a escravatura na cidade da Praia, em Cabo Verde, e mais tarde, no Peru. Em acréscimo, é também feita uma análise das reações de Tristán aos atos de resistência levados a cabo por escravos e afrodescendentes nas cidades peruanas de Arequipa e Lima. Por fim, com base na obra Promenades dans Londres, é realizada uma análise da posição de Tristán face à escravatura e da mesma em comparação com outras formas de dominação. A nossa análise leva-nos a concluir que, embora de forma velada, a perceção e relação de Tristán com estes grupos sociais se encontra permeada pelo preconceito racial.
This dissertation examines the representations of blacks, African descendants and slaves in the works of Flora Tristán, Peregrinations d'une paria (1837) and Promenades dans Londres (1840). The analysis is structured around the themes of race and racial thought, and their influence on and in relationship to slavery in the colonial empires of the "New World”. In addition to exploring the development of the concept of race from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century, the implications of slavery and its significance to the human being as an individual and as a social being are also analysed. In addition, it is also examines how slavery shapes and establishes relationships between slaves and masters and between slaves and the surrounding society. Due to its unique characteristics in the history of humanity, slavery is presented in this dissertation as the most violent form of domination. An exposition is made of the atrocities generated by this social institution, but also of the reaction of its victims to it. Thus, the present dissertation also contemplates the modes of resistance to oppression, and the way it was carried out by African slaves in the American continent. After a conceptual and historical analysis of these themes, they are analysed in the above-mentioned works of Flora Tristán. The most significant part of our analysis is based on the work, Peregrinations d'une paria, which records Flora Tristán's journey to Peru between 1833-1834. Based on this work, it is made an analysis of Tristán's first encounters with slavery in the city of Praia, in Cape Verde, and later, in Peru. In addition, an analysis is also made of Tristán's reactions to acts of resistance carried out by slaves and African descendants in the Peruvian cities of Arequipa and Lima. Finally, based on the work Promenades dans Londres, an analysis is made of Tristán's position towards slavery and of this social institution in comparison with other forms of domination. Our analysis leads us to conclude that, albeit unconsciously, Tristán's perception of and relationship with these social groups is permeated by racial prejudice.
This dissertation examines the representations of blacks, African descendants and slaves in the works of Flora Tristán, Peregrinations d'une paria (1837) and Promenades dans Londres (1840). The analysis is structured around the themes of race and racial thought, and their influence on and in relationship to slavery in the colonial empires of the "New World”. In addition to exploring the development of the concept of race from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century, the implications of slavery and its significance to the human being as an individual and as a social being are also analysed. In addition, it is also examines how slavery shapes and establishes relationships between slaves and masters and between slaves and the surrounding society. Due to its unique characteristics in the history of humanity, slavery is presented in this dissertation as the most violent form of domination. An exposition is made of the atrocities generated by this social institution, but also of the reaction of its victims to it. Thus, the present dissertation also contemplates the modes of resistance to oppression, and the way it was carried out by African slaves in the American continent. After a conceptual and historical analysis of these themes, they are analysed in the above-mentioned works of Flora Tristán. The most significant part of our analysis is based on the work, Peregrinations d'une paria, which records Flora Tristán's journey to Peru between 1833-1834. Based on this work, it is made an analysis of Tristán's first encounters with slavery in the city of Praia, in Cape Verde, and later, in Peru. In addition, an analysis is also made of Tristán's reactions to acts of resistance carried out by slaves and African descendants in the Peruvian cities of Arequipa and Lima. Finally, based on the work Promenades dans Londres, an analysis is made of Tristán's position towards slavery and of this social institution in comparison with other forms of domination. Our analysis leads us to conclude that, albeit unconsciously, Tristán's perception of and relationship with these social groups is permeated by racial prejudice.
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Palavras-chave
Flora Tristán Classes sociais Escravatura Mulheres escritoras Literatura de viagens Literatura francesa Peru Raça Resistência Século XIX French literature Resistance Slavery Social classes Travel writing Women writers 19th century