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Publicação
Mapeamento dos efeitos das alterações climáticas no clima interior de edifícios históricos
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Resumo(s)
O clima exterior vai ser substancialmente afectado pelas alterações climáticas. Consequentemente, as condições de preservação do acervo exibido em edifícios históricos vão ser negativamente afectadas por estas alterações. Esta situação pode inclusive pôr em risco a continuidade do nosso acervo.
No entanto, o efeito das alterações climáticas no clima exterior vai variar consoante a localização geográfica, estimando-se que a Península Ibérica seja uma das zonas mais afectadas da Europa, i.e. com diminuição da precipitação, o aumento da temperatura do ar, entre outros efeitos.
Um dos grandes desafios actuais para o sector da construção, passa por perceber como irá mudar o clima e conseguir construir novos edifícios e reabilitar existentes de forma que os ocupantes dos mesmos se sintam confortáveis, e que para tal os edificados consumam o mínimo de energia possível. A dificuldade torna-se acrescida quando se trata de edifícios históricos pois não se pretende que estes percam o seu valor arquitectónico com as possíveis reabilitações aplicadas desnecessariamente.
O propósito desta dissertação passa por analisar a variação do clima interior de edifícios históricos ao longo das várias regiões de Portugal continental, com recurso a um modelo higrotérmico já desenvolvido e validado de um edifício histórico. Consequentemente, serão construídos mapas de variação das condições interiores analisadas. Como caso de estudo para perceber os efeitos das alterações climáticas no clima interior de edifícios históricos utilizou-se o modelo da igreja de São Cristóvão, localizada em Lisboa.
Neste sentido, o presente documento apresenta a metodologia em que se baseia a construção dos mapas e os seus resultados. Foram efectuadas simulações tanto para o passado recente como para o futuro – recente e longínquo - e tendo em conta diferentes previsões em como o clima de Portugal poderá evoluir – RCP 4.5 e 8.5.
Através das simulações efectuadas verificam-se substanciais aumentos de temperatura e humidade interiores, sendo que a primeira se destaca no interior do país e a segunda no litoral. Estes aumentos foram também mais pejorativos no RCP 8.5 quando comparado com o RCP 4.5 e/ou no futuro longínquo quando comparado com o futuro próximo.
The outdoor climate will be substantially affected by climate change. Consequently, the preservation conditions of the acquis exhibited in historic buildings will be negatively affected by these changes. This may even put the continuity of our acquis at risk. However, the effect of climate change on the outdoor climate will vary according to the geographical location, with the Iberian Peninsula estimated to be one of the most affected areas in Europe, i.e. with reduced rainfall, increased air temperature, among other effects. One of the great current challenges for the construction sector is to understand how the climate will change and to be able to construct new buildings and renovate existing ones in such a way that the occupants feel comfortable and that the buildings consume as little energy as possible. The difficulty becomes even greater when it comes to historic buildings because we do not want them to lose their architectural value with the possible rehabilitation applied unnecessarily. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the indoor climate variation of historic buildings throughout the various regions of continental Portugal, using a hygrothermal model already developed and validated for a historic building. Consequently, maps of variation of the indoor conditions analysed will be constructed. As a case study to understand the effects of climate change on the indoor climate of historic buildings, the model of the Church of São Cristóvão, located in Lisbon, was used. In this sense, this document presents the methodology on which the construction of the maps and their results are based. Simulations were performed both for the recent past and for the future - near and far - and taking into account different forecasts on how the climate of Portugal may evolve - RCP 4.5 and 8.5. Through the simulations carried out, substantial increases in indoor temperature and humidity were verified, with the first standing out in the country's interior and the second on the coast. These increases were also more pejorative in RCP 8.5 when compared with RCP 4.5 and/or in the distant future when compared with the near future.
The outdoor climate will be substantially affected by climate change. Consequently, the preservation conditions of the acquis exhibited in historic buildings will be negatively affected by these changes. This may even put the continuity of our acquis at risk. However, the effect of climate change on the outdoor climate will vary according to the geographical location, with the Iberian Peninsula estimated to be one of the most affected areas in Europe, i.e. with reduced rainfall, increased air temperature, among other effects. One of the great current challenges for the construction sector is to understand how the climate will change and to be able to construct new buildings and renovate existing ones in such a way that the occupants feel comfortable and that the buildings consume as little energy as possible. The difficulty becomes even greater when it comes to historic buildings because we do not want them to lose their architectural value with the possible rehabilitation applied unnecessarily. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the indoor climate variation of historic buildings throughout the various regions of continental Portugal, using a hygrothermal model already developed and validated for a historic building. Consequently, maps of variation of the indoor conditions analysed will be constructed. As a case study to understand the effects of climate change on the indoor climate of historic buildings, the model of the Church of São Cristóvão, located in Lisbon, was used. In this sense, this document presents the methodology on which the construction of the maps and their results are based. Simulations were performed both for the recent past and for the future - near and far - and taking into account different forecasts on how the climate of Portugal may evolve - RCP 4.5 and 8.5. Through the simulations carried out, substantial increases in indoor temperature and humidity were verified, with the first standing out in the country's interior and the second on the coast. These increases were also more pejorative in RCP 8.5 when compared with RCP 4.5 and/or in the distant future when compared with the near future.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Alterações climáticas Simulação higrotérmica Conservação Edifícios históricos Igreja de São Cristóvão WUFI®Plus