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O presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento e implementação de um algoritmo
capaz de realizar um refinamento 'p'-adaptativo em problemas de elasticidade plana utilizando
elementos finitos hĆbridos-Trefftz de deslocamento.
A formulação hĆbrida-Trefftz com elementos de deslocamento aproxima dois campos
independentes, sĆ£o eles o campo dos deslocamentos no domĆnio e o campo das forƧas nas
fronteiras cinemƔticas dos elementos. As aproximaƧƵes realizadas satisfazem localmente as
condiƧƵes do domĆnio. Por outro lado, hĆ” a imposição da forma fraca das condiƧƵes de
fronteira de compatibilidade.
O refinamento 'p'-adaptativo em problemas cujo elementos são baseados nas
formulaƧƵes hĆbrida-Trefttz permite a seleção de locais especĆficos onde o refinamento serĆ”
feito (domĆnios e fronteiras) aproveitando as caracterĆsticas hierĆ”rquicas presentes nas bases
das funções de aproximação deste tipo de formulação. Além disso, a condição de Trefftz
imposta na formulação, possibilita que todos os termos que constituem o sistema resolutivo
sejam calculados atravƩs de integrais na fronteira.
Este tipo de refinamento possibilita a seleção dos graus das funções das bases de
aproximação de maneira automĆ”tica, tanto para os campos de deslocamento no domĆnio e
das forças nas fronteiras cinemÔticas. Foram definidos dois critérios de convergência, são eles:
o da variação da energia de deformação (critĆ©rio global) e a densidade mĆ”xima do resĆduo na
fronteira (critƩrio local).
A implementação de um algoritmoāpā-adaptativo tem o objetivo de facilitar a utilização
dos elementos finitos hĆbridos-Trefftz por parte de usuĆ”rios inexperientes com esse tipo de
formulação, tornando o software mais amigÔvel e de fÔcil utilização. Três problemas de elasticidade plana são utilizados para validar o algoritmo
implementado e entender o seu comportamento diante das diferentes caracterĆsticas de cada
problema.
Os resultados obtidos revelaram que os graus de aproximação obtidos ao final do
processo de refinamento automƔtico produzem soluƧƵes fidedignas, comparadas com os
resultados de referência em termos de energia, deslocamento e tensões.
The present work consists on the development and implementation of an algorithm ca- pable of performing a 'p'-adaptive refinement in plane elasticity problems using hybrid-Trefftz displacement finite elements. The hybrid-Trefftz formulation with displacement elements approximates two independ- ent fields, these are the field of displacements in the domain and the field of forces at the kinematic boundaries of the elements. The approximations performed locally satisfy the do- main conditions. On the other hand, there is the imposition of the weak form of the compati- bility boundary conditions. The 'p'-adaptive refinement in problems whose elements are based on hybrid-Trefftz formulations allows the selection of specific locations where the refinement will be done (do- mains and boundaries) taking advantage of the hierarchical characteristics on the bases of the approximation functions of this type of formulation. Furthermore, the Trefftz condition im- posed in the formulation allows all terms that constitute the solving system to be calculated through boundary integrals. This type of refinement allows automatically selection of the degrees of the functions of the approximation bases, both for the displacement fields in the domain and for forces at the kinematic boundaries. Two convergence criteria were defined, namely: the variation of the strain energy (global criterion) and the maximum density of the residue at the edges (local criterion). The implementation of a 'p'-adaptive algorithm aims to simplify the usage of hybrid- Trefftz finite elements by inexperienced users, making the software more friendly and easy to use. Three plane elasticity problems are used to validate the implemented algorithm and un- derstand its behavior in face of the different characteristics of each problem. The results obtained revealed that the degrees of approximation obtained at the end of the 'p'-refinement process returns reliable solutions, compared with the reference results in terms of energy, displacement and stresses.
The present work consists on the development and implementation of an algorithm ca- pable of performing a 'p'-adaptive refinement in plane elasticity problems using hybrid-Trefftz displacement finite elements. The hybrid-Trefftz formulation with displacement elements approximates two independ- ent fields, these are the field of displacements in the domain and the field of forces at the kinematic boundaries of the elements. The approximations performed locally satisfy the do- main conditions. On the other hand, there is the imposition of the weak form of the compati- bility boundary conditions. The 'p'-adaptive refinement in problems whose elements are based on hybrid-Trefftz formulations allows the selection of specific locations where the refinement will be done (do- mains and boundaries) taking advantage of the hierarchical characteristics on the bases of the approximation functions of this type of formulation. Furthermore, the Trefftz condition im- posed in the formulation allows all terms that constitute the solving system to be calculated through boundary integrals. This type of refinement allows automatically selection of the degrees of the functions of the approximation bases, both for the displacement fields in the domain and for forces at the kinematic boundaries. Two convergence criteria were defined, namely: the variation of the strain energy (global criterion) and the maximum density of the residue at the edges (local criterion). The implementation of a 'p'-adaptive algorithm aims to simplify the usage of hybrid- Trefftz finite elements by inexperienced users, making the software more friendly and easy to use. Three plane elasticity problems are used to validate the implemented algorithm and un- derstand its behavior in face of the different characteristics of each problem. The results obtained revealed that the degrees of approximation obtained at the end of the 'p'-refinement process returns reliable solutions, compared with the reference results in terms of energy, displacement and stresses.
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Palavras-chave
problemas de elasticidade plana sĆ£o utilizados para validar o algoritmo implementado e entender o seu comportamento diante das diferentes caracterĆsticas de cada problema. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que os graus de aproximação obtidos ao final do processo de refinamento automĆ”tico produzem soluƧƵes fidedignas, comparadas com os resultados de referĆŖncia em termos de energia, deslocamento e tensƵes. Palavas chave: Problemas de elasticidade plana bidimensionais Elementos finitos hĆbridos-Trefftz Refinamento āpā-adaptativo
