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CONTRIBUTO PARA A CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE SOLUÇÃO CONSTRUTIVA ECO-EFICIENTE DE PAREDES MONOLÍTICAS
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Nas últimas décadas, a construção em terra tem atraído bastante interesse por todo o mundo devido às suas características de eco-eficiência no contexto da construção sustentável. Tal deve-se ao facto da terra ser geralmente um material abundantemente disponível no local de construção, por exigir pouca energia e recursos para ser utilizada como material de construção mas também por, quando utilizada nos elementos construtivos, contribuir para um ambiente interior saudável e confortável devido à sua elevada massa, inércia térmica e capacidade de regulação natural da humidade relativa. Tradicionalmente e por todo o mundo, as técnicas utilizadas para a construção de paredes de terra são variadas e adaptadas de acordo com o tipo de terra existente, o clima e a cultura das populações. Contudo é notória a escassez de conhecimento científico relativo às tecnologias de paredes de terra, pelo que se torna necessário aprofundá-lo. Interessa ainda racionalizar processos e técnicas construtivas tornando-as competitivas para a indústria da construção atual.
Neste contexto foi desenvolvida uma solução construtiva de paredes monolíticas com base em terra com cal aérea, canas e fibras de canas. Esta solução é particularmente interessante pela facilidade de construção, que permite a sua execução por mão-de-obra pouco especializada, podendo dessa forma promover a criação de emprego e resolver carências habitacionais em determinadas regiões.
Nesta dissertação pretende-se contribuir para a otimização desta solução construtiva através da caracterização de provetes dos materiais utilizados, nos quais se variaram as proporções e alguns dos constituintes. Verificou-se que as resistências mecânicas podem ser particularmente controladas através da proporção (e tipo) de constituintes e que a solução apresenta menor massa volúmica e maior resistência térmica comparativamente a outras soluções de paredes de terra.
In the last decades, earth construction has attracted considerable interest worldwide due to their eco-efficiency features in the context of sustainable construction. That is because earth is generally an abundantly available material on the construction site, by requiring low energy and resources to be used as a building material but also because when used in constructive elements it allows an healthy and comfortable indoor climate because of its high mass, thermal inertia and natural ability to control relative humidity. Traditionally and throughout the world, techniques used to build earth walls are varied and adapted according to the type of existing earth, climate and culture of the people. However it is notorious the lack of scientific knowledge relating to earth wall technologies, and it is therefore necessary to deepen it. It is also important to streamline processes and construction techniques to make earth walls competitive for the current construction industry. In this context a constructive solution of monolithic walls based on land with air lime, reeds and reeds fibers was developed. This solution is particularly interesting for its ease of implementation, which allows walls to be built by non-specialized hand labor and can thus promote job creation and address housing needs in certain regions. This thesis aims to contribute to the optimization of this constructive solution through the characterization of samples of the materials used, in which the proportions and type of constituents was varied. It was found that mechanical strength may be particularly controlled through the proportion (and type) of the constituents and that the presented solution has lower density and higher heat resistance compared to other earth wall solutions.
In the last decades, earth construction has attracted considerable interest worldwide due to their eco-efficiency features in the context of sustainable construction. That is because earth is generally an abundantly available material on the construction site, by requiring low energy and resources to be used as a building material but also because when used in constructive elements it allows an healthy and comfortable indoor climate because of its high mass, thermal inertia and natural ability to control relative humidity. Traditionally and throughout the world, techniques used to build earth walls are varied and adapted according to the type of existing earth, climate and culture of the people. However it is notorious the lack of scientific knowledge relating to earth wall technologies, and it is therefore necessary to deepen it. It is also important to streamline processes and construction techniques to make earth walls competitive for the current construction industry. In this context a constructive solution of monolithic walls based on land with air lime, reeds and reeds fibers was developed. This solution is particularly interesting for its ease of implementation, which allows walls to be built by non-specialized hand labor and can thus promote job creation and address housing needs in certain regions. This thesis aims to contribute to the optimization of this constructive solution through the characterization of samples of the materials used, in which the proportions and type of constituents was varied. It was found that mechanical strength may be particularly controlled through the proportion (and type) of the constituents and that the presented solution has lower density and higher heat resistance compared to other earth wall solutions.
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Palavras-chave
Terra construção sustentável cal aérea fibra vegetal caracterização