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Neonicotinoides – desenvolvimento de novas metodologias analíticas para controle ambiental e estudo do risco
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Atualmente uma das principais problemáticas que mundialmente se enfrenta é a crescente utilização de produtos fitofarmacêuticos para proteção de culturas. Sabe-se que a utilização destes produtos pode causar bastantes riscos ao meio ambiente, pois muitas destas substâncias não afetam apenas os organismos alvo para os quais são desenvolvidos, acabando também por eliminar muitos organismos que não as pragas. Por outro lado, a sua aplicação inadequada, seleção incorreta ou uso excessivo podem também levar a uma grande quantidade de resíduos químicos nos produtos que serão mais tarde consumidos.
Assim, considerando que determinadas classes de pesticidas são dominantes no mercado mundial, existe a necessidade de desenvolver métodos de análise eficazes para estas substâncias, de forma a providenciar programas de monitorização que permitam conhecer os seus níveis de concentração nos diversos compartimentos ambientais. Os neonicotinoides são uma classe relativamente nova de inseticidas sintéticos estruturalmente semelhantes à nicotina, que se tornaram comercialmente disponíveis nos anos noventa e, devido à sua natureza sistémica, são motivo de várias preocupações.
Neste contexto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho consistiu no desenvolvimento de metodologias analíticas para a monitorização de sete neonicotinoides em matrizes aquosas.
Após a avaliação de alguns parâmetros de validação, concluiu-se que a metodologia mais adequada para a determinação desta classe de pesticidas corresponde à técnica de Cromatografia Líquida de Ultra Eficiência acoplada à espetrometria de massa em modo sequencial (UHPLC-MS/MS) com recurso à injeção direta. Esta técnica mostrou-se mais sustentável, já que possui diversas vantagens tais como o pouco tempo de análise e um menor consumo de solventes.
Currently, one of the main problems faced worldwide is the increasing use of plant protection products for crop protection. It is known that the use of these products can cause a lot of risks to the environment, because many of these substances do not only affect the target organisms for which they are developed, but also end up eliminating many organisms other than pests. On the other hand, their inadequate application, incorrect selection, or excessive use can also lead to a large number of chemical residues in the products that will later be consumed. Thus, considering that certain classes of pesticides are dominant in the world market, there is a need to develop effective methods of analysis for these substances, to provide monitoring programs that make it possible to know their concentration levels in the different environmental compartments. Neon-icotinoids are a relatively new class of synthetic insecticides structurally like nicotine, which became commercially available in the 1990s and, due to their systemic nature, are a cause for several concerns. In this context, the main objective of this work was to develop analytical methodologies for monitoring of seven neonicotinoids in aqueous matrices. After the evaluating of some validation parameters, it was concluded that the most adequate methodology for the determination of this class of pesticides corresponds to the technique of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in sequential mode (UHPLC-MS/MS) using direct injection. This technique proved to be more sustainable since it has several ad-vantages such as a short analysis time and a lower solvent consumption.
Currently, one of the main problems faced worldwide is the increasing use of plant protection products for crop protection. It is known that the use of these products can cause a lot of risks to the environment, because many of these substances do not only affect the target organisms for which they are developed, but also end up eliminating many organisms other than pests. On the other hand, their inadequate application, incorrect selection, or excessive use can also lead to a large number of chemical residues in the products that will later be consumed. Thus, considering that certain classes of pesticides are dominant in the world market, there is a need to develop effective methods of analysis for these substances, to provide monitoring programs that make it possible to know their concentration levels in the different environmental compartments. Neon-icotinoids are a relatively new class of synthetic insecticides structurally like nicotine, which became commercially available in the 1990s and, due to their systemic nature, are a cause for several concerns. In this context, the main objective of this work was to develop analytical methodologies for monitoring of seven neonicotinoids in aqueous matrices. After the evaluating of some validation parameters, it was concluded that the most adequate methodology for the determination of this class of pesticides corresponds to the technique of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in sequential mode (UHPLC-MS/MS) using direct injection. This technique proved to be more sustainable since it has several ad-vantages such as a short analysis time and a lower solvent consumption.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Produtos Fitofarmacêuticos Análise de Pesticidas Neonicotinoides Cromatografia Líquida de Ultra Eficiência Espetrometria de Massa