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O papel da sensibilização patrimonial no seio das comunidades locais. O caso de Sesimbra
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A presente investigação procura evidenciar a importância da sensibilização patrimonial no seio das comunidades locais, enquanto ação privilegiada da educação patrimonial, na aferição do tipo de relação(ões) que as pessoas estabelecem com o património cultural de Sesimbra. Para tal, utilizamos o modelo concetual e metodológico de sensibilização patrimonial proposto por Olaia Fontal para a análise dos dados recolhidos. Indagámos sobre a organização da gestão do património cultural sesimbrense; realizámos um levantamento exaustivo dos instrumentos de mediação patrimonial difundidos pelo município; entre novembro de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022, realizámos 90 inquéritos à população sesimbrense, a fim de conhecer as suas expetativas, a relação com o património e a sua efetiva participação; e, entrevistámos os técnicos da subunidade orgânica, Museus e Património, da Divisão de Cultura da Câmara Municipal de Sesimbra, a fim de conhecer as suas expetativas e dificuldades, enquanto testemunhas privilegiadas e de responsabilidade acrescida na concretização de estratégias de sensibilização patrimonial no concelho. Após a análise aos inquéritos e aos instrumentos de mediação patrimonial, constata-se que os resultados expetáveis de uma estratégia eficaz colocada no terreno e dirigida à sensibilização patrimonial da comunidade local sesimbrense, tendo como objetivo a criação de comunidades patrimonialmente ativas, não se verifica. Verifica-se, sim, uma coerência entre os vários elementos – as políticas culturais, os instrumentos de mediação patrimonial e a forma como o património é entendido pela população – assentes em processos de mediação de caráter pontual, evidenciando modelos de mediação transmissivos, através de um entendimento de património como objeto e/ou texto, numa visão tradicionalista de património já ultrapassada no plano teórico. Esta dissertação apresenta, por isso, resultados concretos sobre a importância que deve ser dada à sensibilização patrimonial enquanto processo de educação e mediação capaz de gerar no seio das comunidades locais um entendimento de património focado nas pessoas e nas relações de vínculo que (devem) estabelecer com o (seu) património e, desse modo, constituírem-se como comunidades patrimonialmente ativas.
This research seeks to highlight the importance of heritage awareness within local communities, as a privileged action of heritage education, in assessing the type of relationship(s) people establish with Sesimbra’s cultural heritage. To this end, the conceptual and methodological model of heritage awareness proposed by Olaia Fontal was used when analysing the collected data. We investigated the management organization of Sesimbra's cultural heritage; in addition, an exhaustive survey of the heritage mediation instruments disseminated by the municipality was put forth; in order to know and document their expectations, their relationship with heritage and their effective participation, 90 surveys within Sesimbra’s population were done throughout November 2021 and February 2022; furthermore interviews were conducted with the technicians of the organic subunit, Museums and Heritage, of the Culture Division of the Sesimbra City Council, in order to assess their expectations and difficulties, as knowledged witnesses with added responsibility in implementing heritage awareness strategies in the municipality. Upon surveys and heritage mediation tools analysis, we come to the conclusion that the expected results of an effective strategy put in place and aimed at raising the heritage awareness of the local Sesimbra community, with the objective of creating active heritage communities, have not been achieved. Rather, there is a coherence between the several elements – the cultural policies, the heritage mediation tools and the way heritage is understood by the population – based on mediation processes of punctual character, highlighting transmissive mediation models, through an understanding of heritage as object and/or text, in a traditionalist vision already outdated at theoretical level. This dissertation presents, therefore, concrete results on the importance that should be given to heritage awareness as a process of education and mediation, able to generate within local communities an understanding of heritage focused on people and on the bonding relations that they (should) establish with (their) heritage and, thus, constitute themselves as heritage active communities.
This research seeks to highlight the importance of heritage awareness within local communities, as a privileged action of heritage education, in assessing the type of relationship(s) people establish with Sesimbra’s cultural heritage. To this end, the conceptual and methodological model of heritage awareness proposed by Olaia Fontal was used when analysing the collected data. We investigated the management organization of Sesimbra's cultural heritage; in addition, an exhaustive survey of the heritage mediation instruments disseminated by the municipality was put forth; in order to know and document their expectations, their relationship with heritage and their effective participation, 90 surveys within Sesimbra’s population were done throughout November 2021 and February 2022; furthermore interviews were conducted with the technicians of the organic subunit, Museums and Heritage, of the Culture Division of the Sesimbra City Council, in order to assess their expectations and difficulties, as knowledged witnesses with added responsibility in implementing heritage awareness strategies in the municipality. Upon surveys and heritage mediation tools analysis, we come to the conclusion that the expected results of an effective strategy put in place and aimed at raising the heritage awareness of the local Sesimbra community, with the objective of creating active heritage communities, have not been achieved. Rather, there is a coherence between the several elements – the cultural policies, the heritage mediation tools and the way heritage is understood by the population – based on mediation processes of punctual character, highlighting transmissive mediation models, through an understanding of heritage as object and/or text, in a traditionalist vision already outdated at theoretical level. This dissertation presents, therefore, concrete results on the importance that should be given to heritage awareness as a process of education and mediation, able to generate within local communities an understanding of heritage focused on people and on the bonding relations that they (should) establish with (their) heritage and, thus, constitute themselves as heritage active communities.
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Palavras-chave
Comunidades Patrimoniais Educação Patrimonial Participação Pessoas Vínculo(s) Heritage Communities Heritage Education Participation People Bond(s)