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The establishment mode choice of German multinational enterprises in Brazil: a comparative approach
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We examine the drivers behind the establishment mode choice of German multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the sectors of Automotive, Chemicals and Mechanical Engineering in Brazil for the years 1993-2013 using a novel sample of primary data obtained directly from German MNEs. Based on prevalent theories found in the literature, we test the most common hypotheses on our sample. Firms with high R&D activities and firms with prior market knowledge in Brazil in from of previous sales offices are more likely to enter Brazil
by a Greenfield investment. We also show that it is the specific private ownership of the German so-called hidden champions that drive those specific SMEs to enter Brazil by
Greenfield, a sneaking suspicion that has been made before. Finally, we show that the
establishment mode choice between Brazil and the USA only deviates to a low extent, with
German MNEs preferring to enter Brazil by Greenfield and the USA by M&A. Thereby,
we provide valuable insights for future research in this field.
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Establishment mode choice Brazil Hidden champions