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O Neoconservadorismo e a Política Externa dos Estados Unidos da América
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Os acontecimentos de 11 de setembro de 2001 proporcionaram uma mudança no panorama das Relações Internacionais ao trazer ao centro do debate novamente um pensamento sobre política externa que na visão de muitos estava adormecido desde o encerramento da Guerra Fria: o neoconservadorismo. A administração de Ronald Reagan foi considerada como um período de aplicação dos métodos desta doutrina, mesmo
quando tal ainda não havia sido reconhecida e, portanto, desde o fim das tensões entre Estados Unidos e União Soviética, com êxito dos norte-americanos, pensava-se que estava decretado o seu fim. Contudo, os ataques às torres do World Trade Center e ao Pentágono comprovaram o equívoco que era a constatação de que o neoconservadorismo havia exaurido sua presença na política externa norte-americana, vide a administração de George W. Bush que utilizou dos seus conceitos na “Guerra ao Terror”. Neste sentido, o neoconservadorismo é uma escola de política externa tipicamente norte-americana, de relevância político-intelectual para a atuação dos EUA no cenário internacional, que fez uso da “americanidade” em momentos históricos desta nação. Baseada nos princípios da democracia, nacionalismo, poder militar e liberalismo
económico, a escola neoconservadora foi de grande importância na elaboração da grande estratégia hegemónica, conceito que define a tática elaborada para alcance e manutenção da posição de superioridade norte-americana no sistema internacional e, portanto, ao contrário dos que anunciam o seu fim, ainda faz-se bem presente na conjuntura política dos EUA.
The events of September 11th, 2001 provided a change in the scenario of International Relations bringing to the heart of the debate again a thought about foreign policy that in the sight of a lot of people was asleep since the end of the Cold War: the neoconservatism. Ronald Reagan’s administration was considerated as a period of application of the methods of this doctrine even when this one wasn’t recognized so, since the end of tensions between United States and Soviet Union with triumph of the americans, in the same period of the acknowledgement of the neoconservative school, there was a conclusion it had come to the end. However, the World Trade Center and Pentagon’s attacks proved the mistake thinking it was the end of neoconservatism in american foreign policy, as it’s able to see in George W. Bush’s administration that used its concepts in the “War on Terror”. In this way, neoconservatism is a typical American school of foreign policy that owns intellectual-political relevance for the United States’ acting on the international scenario that used the “americanism” in historical moments of this nation. Based on the principles of democracy, nationalism, militar power and free market, the neoconservative school had great importance in elaboration of the grand strategic hegemony, concepts that defines the tactic to reach and maintain the United States’ position of superiority in the international system and, therefore, instead who announce its end, neoconservatism is still present in the political situation of the United States of America.
The events of September 11th, 2001 provided a change in the scenario of International Relations bringing to the heart of the debate again a thought about foreign policy that in the sight of a lot of people was asleep since the end of the Cold War: the neoconservatism. Ronald Reagan’s administration was considerated as a period of application of the methods of this doctrine even when this one wasn’t recognized so, since the end of tensions between United States and Soviet Union with triumph of the americans, in the same period of the acknowledgement of the neoconservative school, there was a conclusion it had come to the end. However, the World Trade Center and Pentagon’s attacks proved the mistake thinking it was the end of neoconservatism in american foreign policy, as it’s able to see in George W. Bush’s administration that used its concepts in the “War on Terror”. In this way, neoconservatism is a typical American school of foreign policy that owns intellectual-political relevance for the United States’ acting on the international scenario that used the “americanism” in historical moments of this nation. Based on the principles of democracy, nationalism, militar power and free market, the neoconservative school had great importance in elaboration of the grand strategic hegemony, concepts that defines the tactic to reach and maintain the United States’ position of superiority in the international system and, therefore, instead who announce its end, neoconservatism is still present in the political situation of the United States of America.
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Palavras-chave
Neoconservadorismo Democracia Poder Militar Hegemonia Política Externa Neoconservatism Democracy Military Power Excepcionalism Hegemony Foreign Policy Americanism