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A Europeização das Políticas Públicas no percurso de Atividade Profissional
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Os estudos de Europeização têm como objetivo compreender como é que a União Europeia interage com os Estados observando o impacto doméstico da União Europeia e/ou o impacto doméstico na União Europeia nas dimensões relativas às políticas, instituições e processos políticos. Com a ocorrência de macro-dinâmicas como a formalização do Mercado Único e da União Económica e Monetária, o aprofundamento da política de concorrência, a concretização dos sucessivos alargamentos, a crise financeira, a implementação do Semestre Europeu e, mais recentemente, a pandemia, tornou-se evidente a relevância de analisar os fluxos de e para a União Europeia. A finalidade central do presente relatório é a de analisar de que forma se desenvolvem os processos de Europeização em políticas públicas nas quais foi exercida atividade profissional – política externa e política de Coesão – tentando responder à questão se os impactos observados são uniformes entre elas. É efetuado um enquadramento teórico e conceptual da Europeização, incluindo uma descrição sobre os determinantes, fatores mediadores, mecanismos e efeitos a ela associados, bem como uma análise dos processos de Europeização relativos às duas políticas públicas consideradas. Em seguida, a Europeização é abordada numa perspetiva empírica através da descrição das principais atividades profissionais ligadas às Relações Internacionais e Estudos Europeus, enquadrando-as à luz dos conhecimentos teóricos adquiridos. Uma análise crítica sobre o percurso profissional é desenvolvida compreendendo uma reflexão sobre a atividade em Estudos Europeus. Conclui-se que, nas políticas públicas analisadas, os efeitos da Europeização observados são heterogéneos em cada uma delas pois os resultados são diferenciados quando analisados os projetos nelas incluídos. Os efeitos predominantes são desiguais – ajustamento na política externa e continuidade na política de Coesão – não tendo sido possível estabelecer uma correlação entre os efeitos observados ao nível dos projetos e a identificação de um efeito para a política externa e de um efeito para a política de Coesão.
The objective of Europeanization studies is to understand how the European Union interacts with States by analysing the domestic impact of the European Union and/or the domestic impact on the European Union in the context of dimensions including policies, institutions and political processes. Considering macrodynamics such as the realisation of the Single Market, the Economic and Monetary Union, the competition policy, the consecutive enlargements, the financial crisis, the European Semester and, more recently, the pandemic, it became evident the relevance of analysing the flows to and from the European Union. The main purpose of this report is to analyse how the Europeanization processes develop in public policies in which the professional activity was carried out – foreign policy and Cohesion policy – trying to answer the question whether the observed impacts are similar between them. A theoretical and conceptual framework of Europeanization is undertaken including a description of its determinants, mediating factors, mechanisms and effects, as also an analysis of Europeanization processes related to the two mentioned public policies. Europeanization is then approached from an empirical perspective by developing a description of the main professional activities in International Relations and European Studies, which are framed in the theoretical knowledge acquired. A critical approach to the professional experience is developed including an understanding about the activity in European Studies. As a conclusion, the observed effects of Europeanization are heterogeneous in each of the public policies as the results are differentiated when analysing its projects. The predominant effects are not similar – adjustment in foreign policy and continuity in Cohesion policy – but it was not possible to establish a correlation between the effects observed at project level and the identification of an effect for foreign policy and an effect for Cohesion policy.
The objective of Europeanization studies is to understand how the European Union interacts with States by analysing the domestic impact of the European Union and/or the domestic impact on the European Union in the context of dimensions including policies, institutions and political processes. Considering macrodynamics such as the realisation of the Single Market, the Economic and Monetary Union, the competition policy, the consecutive enlargements, the financial crisis, the European Semester and, more recently, the pandemic, it became evident the relevance of analysing the flows to and from the European Union. The main purpose of this report is to analyse how the Europeanization processes develop in public policies in which the professional activity was carried out – foreign policy and Cohesion policy – trying to answer the question whether the observed impacts are similar between them. A theoretical and conceptual framework of Europeanization is undertaken including a description of its determinants, mediating factors, mechanisms and effects, as also an analysis of Europeanization processes related to the two mentioned public policies. Europeanization is then approached from an empirical perspective by developing a description of the main professional activities in International Relations and European Studies, which are framed in the theoretical knowledge acquired. A critical approach to the professional experience is developed including an understanding about the activity in European Studies. As a conclusion, the observed effects of Europeanization are heterogeneous in each of the public policies as the results are differentiated when analysing its projects. The predominant effects are not similar – adjustment in foreign policy and continuity in Cohesion policy – but it was not possible to establish a correlation between the effects observed at project level and the identification of an effect for foreign policy and an effect for Cohesion policy.
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Palavras-chave
Europeização Estudos Europeus Políticas públicas Relações Internacionais União Europeia Europeanization European Studies Public policies International Relations European Union