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Hegemonic Neoliberalism & Democracy: A Postmodern (neo)Marxist Approach to Democratic Amelioration
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A presente tese visa explorar maneiras pelas quais as condições democráticas contemporâneas podem ser melhoradas para benefício das gerações futuras, distinguindo-se sobretudo das abordagens predominantemente liberais dos estudos intergeracionais. Para tanto, desenvolve uma abordagem (neo)marxista pós-moderna particular. Primeiro, estabelece-se o atual contexto histórico pós-moderno, caracterizado pela hegemonia neoliberal. Após discutir desigualdade, opressão e exploração, bem como postular um ideal de democracia substantiva, é divulgada uma posição teórica precisa, a qual não apenas se afasta das abordagens liberais, mas também evita o marxismo clássico por o contexto histórico assim o exigir. Conceitos como hegemonia, ideologia, antagonismo e posições de sujeito no neo e pós-marxismo prestam-se a reflexões sobre o futuro porque caracterizam fenómenos inerentemente transtemporais. Um quadro de antecipação para a articulação de antagonismos é então delineado e usado para analisar elementos e questões específicas derivadas da hegemonia neoliberal, para identificar posições diferenciais e posições de sujeito correspondentes, e para decretar um processo de articulação que defina momentos antagónicos. Posteriormente, a tese argumenta que as posições alteradas do sujeito, com características radicais, democráticas e igualitárias, são o provável resultado desse processo de articulação. A tese conclui sugerindo que, ao fomentar essas posições de sujeito radicais, democráticas e igualitárias no presente e no futuro imediato, as condições democráticas de gerações futuras melhorarão, aumentando a probabilidade de benefícios futuros.
The following thesis aims to explore ways in which contemporary democratic conditions can be improved in order to benefit future generations. It proposes to do so by distinguishing itself from the predominantly liberal approaches to intergenerational studies. To this end, a particular postmodern (neo)Marxist approach is developed. First, the present postmodern historical context, characterised by neoliberal hegemony, is established. After discussing inequality, oppression and exploitation, as well as positing an ideal of substantive democracy, a precise theoretical position is divulged. Not only does this position move away from liberal approaches, but it also eschews classical Marxism because the historical context requires it. Additionally, concepts such as hegemony, ideology, antagonism and subject positions in neo- and post- Marxism lend themselves to thinking about the future because they characterise inherently cross-temporal phenomena. An anticipatory framework for the articulation of antagonisms is then outlined and used to analyse specific elements and issues derived from neoliberal hegemony, identify differential positions and corresponding subject positions, and then enact a process of articulation to define antagonistic moments. Subsequently, the thesis argues that altered subject positions encompassing radical, democratic and egalitarian characteristics are the likely outcome of this process of articulation. The thesis concludes by suggesting that by fostering these radical, democratic and egalitarian subject positions in the present and immediate future, the democratic conditions of other future generations will improve and, thus, they will benefit from these improvements.
The following thesis aims to explore ways in which contemporary democratic conditions can be improved in order to benefit future generations. It proposes to do so by distinguishing itself from the predominantly liberal approaches to intergenerational studies. To this end, a particular postmodern (neo)Marxist approach is developed. First, the present postmodern historical context, characterised by neoliberal hegemony, is established. After discussing inequality, oppression and exploitation, as well as positing an ideal of substantive democracy, a precise theoretical position is divulged. Not only does this position move away from liberal approaches, but it also eschews classical Marxism because the historical context requires it. Additionally, concepts such as hegemony, ideology, antagonism and subject positions in neo- and post- Marxism lend themselves to thinking about the future because they characterise inherently cross-temporal phenomena. An anticipatory framework for the articulation of antagonisms is then outlined and used to analyse specific elements and issues derived from neoliberal hegemony, identify differential positions and corresponding subject positions, and then enact a process of articulation to define antagonistic moments. Subsequently, the thesis argues that altered subject positions encompassing radical, democratic and egalitarian characteristics are the likely outcome of this process of articulation. The thesis concludes by suggesting that by fostering these radical, democratic and egalitarian subject positions in the present and immediate future, the democratic conditions of other future generations will improve and, thus, they will benefit from these improvements.
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Hegemonia Ideologia Democracia Neoliberalismo Pós- modernismo neo-Marxismo pós-Marxismo Hegemony Ideology Democracy Neoliberalism Postmodernism neo-Marxism post-Marxism