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The environment
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A presente dissertação constitui um estudo sobre a proteção jurídica do ambiente no Direito Internacional do Ambiente, fazendo uma análise histórica e atual do Estado da Arte. Tem por objetivo principal a construção de uma narrativa teórica que fundamente a intervenção ecológica como forma de fazer face a emergências ambientais que ocorram no território de um Estado e que tenham impacto direto e significativo no Planeta.
O estudo parte da constatação de que, como referido pelo Secretário-Geral das Nações Unidas, se vive presentemente uma crise climática de consequências devastadoras e relativamente à qual o ambiente e a humanidade estão rapidamente a chegar a um ponto de não-retorno. Dessa premissa, são analisadas as consequências mais visíveis da degradação ambiental, quer a nível puramente ambiental, como a nível social e económico. De modo a mapear as normas existentes a nível do Direito Internacional do Ambiente é efetuada uma visão histórica do seu desenvolvimento e aplicação.
A intervenção ecológica será baseada em ideias já previamente concretizadas por autores como Michel Bachelet e terá por fundamento conceitos já reconhecidos como a intervenção humanitária. Porém, tais conceitos serão equacionados num quadro inovador que permita que perante um desastre ambiental grave que ocorra num Estado e que cause danos ambientais significativos e afete vidas humanas, exista a possibilidade de a comunidade internacional agir, mesmo sem o consentimento desse Estado. Apoiando-se em parte nas premissas que fundamentam a assistência humanitária, a intervenção da comunidade internacional permitiria a prevenção, mitigação e até recuperação dos danos causados, impedindo um maior efeito a nível global. O contraste entre a soberania, e as diferenças significativas entre as emissões e possíveis contribuições dos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento serão parte da problemática a analisar.
Na senda da cooperação internacional, entre Estados e Organizações Internacionais, criar-se-ia o caminho para a intervenção ambiental. Tal intervenção seria possível através do reconhecimento pelo Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas do dano ao ambiente como uma ameaça à paz e à segurança. Permitiria uma atuação de auxílio pelos Estados intervenientes para com o Estado que sem querer ou sem poder, tem perante mãos um dano ambiental incontrolável. Com a realização do presente estudo pretende-se contribuir para o debate ambiental, para prevenir graves danos ambientais.
This dissertation constitutes a study on the legal protection of the environment in International Environmental Law, making a historical and current analysis of the State of the Art. Its main objective is the construction of a theoretical narrative that justifies the ecological intervention to face environmental emergencies that occur in the territory of a State and that have a direct and significant impact on the Planet. The study starts from the observation that, as stated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, humanity is currently experiencing a climate crisis with devastating consequences and that from it the environment and humanity are rapidly reaching a point of no return. From this premise, the most visible consequences of environmental degradation are analyzed, both at a purely environmental level and a social and economic level. To map the existing norms at the level of International Environmental Law, a historical overview of its development and application is carried out. The ecological intervention will be based on ideas previously put forward by authors such as Michel Bachelet and will be founded on already recognized concepts such as humanitarian intervention. However, such concepts will be equated in an innovative framework that allows that in the face of a serious environmental disaster occurring in a State and causing significant environmental damage and affecting human lives, the international community can act, even without the consent of that State. Relying in part on the premises that underlie humanitarian assistance, the intervention of the international community would allow for the prevention, mitigation, and even recovery of the damage caused, preventing a greater effect at a global level. The contrast between sovereignty and the significant differences between emissions and possible contributions of developed and developing countries will be part of the problem to be analyzed. The ecological intervention would be created in the wake of cooperation between States and International Organizations. Such intervention would be possible through the recognition by the United Nations Security Council of damage to the environment as a threat to peace and security. It would allow the intervening States to aid the State that is unable or unwilling to control the environmental damage. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the environmental debate to prevent serious environmental damage.
This dissertation constitutes a study on the legal protection of the environment in International Environmental Law, making a historical and current analysis of the State of the Art. Its main objective is the construction of a theoretical narrative that justifies the ecological intervention to face environmental emergencies that occur in the territory of a State and that have a direct and significant impact on the Planet. The study starts from the observation that, as stated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, humanity is currently experiencing a climate crisis with devastating consequences and that from it the environment and humanity are rapidly reaching a point of no return. From this premise, the most visible consequences of environmental degradation are analyzed, both at a purely environmental level and a social and economic level. To map the existing norms at the level of International Environmental Law, a historical overview of its development and application is carried out. The ecological intervention will be based on ideas previously put forward by authors such as Michel Bachelet and will be founded on already recognized concepts such as humanitarian intervention. However, such concepts will be equated in an innovative framework that allows that in the face of a serious environmental disaster occurring in a State and causing significant environmental damage and affecting human lives, the international community can act, even without the consent of that State. Relying in part on the premises that underlie humanitarian assistance, the intervention of the international community would allow for the prevention, mitigation, and even recovery of the damage caused, preventing a greater effect at a global level. The contrast between sovereignty and the significant differences between emissions and possible contributions of developed and developing countries will be part of the problem to be analyzed. The ecological intervention would be created in the wake of cooperation between States and International Organizations. Such intervention would be possible through the recognition by the United Nations Security Council of damage to the environment as a threat to peace and security. It would allow the intervening States to aid the State that is unable or unwilling to control the environmental damage. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the environmental debate to prevent serious environmental damage.