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A pandemia não é igual para todos. Impactos da COVID-19 nas condições de vida e de trabalho nos grupos em situação de vulnerabilidade social: um estudo sobre os vendedores ambulantes na cidade de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Com base nos pressupostos teóricos do quadro conceitual das desigualdades sociais em saúde, em articulação aos conceitos de informalidade e, consequente precarização do trabalho, marcadamente em território brasileiro, esta pesquisa buscou refletir sobre os impactos da pandemia da COVID-19 nas condições de vida e trabalho dos vendedores ambulantes do município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A escolha metodológica utilizada na presente investigação se enquadra em uma abordagem qualitativa, através da realização de um estudo de caso exploratório, com enfoque definido contextualmente e geograficamente, ao município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. Sendo esta investigação de natureza exploratória, para recolha dos dados primários foram feitas entrevistas compreensivas com 10 vendedores ambulantes dos bairros do Centro e Icaraí do município de Niterói. Para a coleta dos dados secundários utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica. No que se refere à análise dos dados qualitativos foi realizada análise de conteúdo. A análise dos dados recolhidos, por meio das entrevistas compreensivas, permite a interpretação de que as desigualdades sociais e econômicas preexistentes são as principais causas para que a COVID-19 atinja desigualmente os diferentes grupos sociais, a exemplo dos vendedores ambulantes. Fatores como a singularidade do cenário político brasileiro e as assimetrias na gestão da pandemia, bem como o contexto socioeconômico aliados à posição social que os vendedores ambulantes ocupam, revelam diferenciais de exposição e vulnerabilidade à COVID-19. O presente estudo proporcionou, por meio das histórias de vida de ambulantes, dar visibilidade à precariedade social, diferenciar acessos aos mecanismos de proteção social, laboral e ao direito à saúde, resultados que permitiram discutir quais as políticas públicas a promover de modo a minimizar a pluralidade de impactos que a pandemia da COVID-19 veio agudizar.
Based on the theoretical assumptions of the conceptual framework of social inequality in health, in conjunction with concepts of informality and the consequent precariousness of work, notably in Brazilian territory, this research sought to reflect on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on living and work of street vendors in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The methodological choice used in this investigation fits into a qualitative approach, through an exploratory case study, with a contextually and geographically defined focus, in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. As this investigation is exploratory in nature, for the collection of primary data, comprehensive interviews were carried out with 10 street vendors in the neighborhoods of Centro and Icaraí in the municipality of Niterói. For the collection of secondary data, bibliographical research was used. With regard to the analysis of qualitative data, content analysis was performed. The analysis of the collected data, through comprehensive interviews, allows the interpretation that pre-existing social and economic inequalities are the main causes for COVID19 to unequally reach different social groups, such as street vendors. Factors such as the uniqueness of the Brazilian political scenario and the asymmetries in the management of the pandemic, as well as the socioeconomic context combined with the social position that street vendors occupy, reveal differential exposure and vulnerability to COVID-19. The present study provided, through the life stories of street vendors, to give visibility to social precariousness, to differentiate distinct access to social and labor protection mechanisms and to the right to health, results that allowed discussing which public policies to promote in order to minimize the plurality of impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated.
Based on the theoretical assumptions of the conceptual framework of social inequality in health, in conjunction with concepts of informality and the consequent precariousness of work, notably in Brazilian territory, this research sought to reflect on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on living and work of street vendors in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The methodological choice used in this investigation fits into a qualitative approach, through an exploratory case study, with a contextually and geographically defined focus, in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. As this investigation is exploratory in nature, for the collection of primary data, comprehensive interviews were carried out with 10 street vendors in the neighborhoods of Centro and Icaraí in the municipality of Niterói. For the collection of secondary data, bibliographical research was used. With regard to the analysis of qualitative data, content analysis was performed. The analysis of the collected data, through comprehensive interviews, allows the interpretation that pre-existing social and economic inequalities are the main causes for COVID19 to unequally reach different social groups, such as street vendors. Factors such as the uniqueness of the Brazilian political scenario and the asymmetries in the management of the pandemic, as well as the socioeconomic context combined with the social position that street vendors occupy, reveal differential exposure and vulnerability to COVID-19. The present study provided, through the life stories of street vendors, to give visibility to social precariousness, to differentiate distinct access to social and labor protection mechanisms and to the right to health, results that allowed discussing which public policies to promote in order to minimize the plurality of impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated.
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Pandemia COVID-19 Desigualdades sociais Desigualdades sociais em saúde Social inequalities Social inequalities in health