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Inteligência artificial e big data no entretenimento televisivo: aplicação e regulação na União Europeia
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A interseção da Inteligência Artificial (IA) e big data com o entretenimento televisivo tem permitido o surgimento de novas soluções, com benefícios tanto para os consumidores a nível da qualidade da experiência, como para os prestadores serviços, estimulando o crescimento do setor. A presente dissertação, de caráter exploratório e de abordagem qualitativa e indutiva, parte das perguntas de investigação (PI) 1 “De que forma está a ser aplicada a IA e a big data no entretenimento televisivo, nos últimos 5 anos?” e PI 2 “De que forma está regulada a aplicação da IA e big data no entretenimento Televisivo, em concreto os sistemas de recomendação, na União Europeia (UE)?”, e tem como objetivos analisar de que forma a IA e big data estão a ser aplicadas no entretenimento televisivo e sintetizar as principais diretivas que regulam esta integração. Para responder à PI 1 realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, cujos critérios de elegibilidade foram artigos e atas de conferência, em língua inglesa, nas áreas das Ciências da Comunicação e IA, produzidos entre 2016 e 2021, recolhidos em 167 Revistas e Atas de Conferências. Foram incluídos na revisão 24 documentos, cujos resultados indicam uma tendência de aplicação na distribuição e consumo, em concreto nos sistemas de recomendação e na gestão de informação. Para responder à PI 2, realizou-se um caso de estudo da ação regulatória da UE, tendo como instrumentos, entre outros, a proposta de Regulamento para IA (2021) e a proposta de Mercado Único de Serviços Digitais (2020). Nos resultados destacam-se a ausência de orientações específicas a produzir efeito e a abordagem tendencialmente colaborativa entre o setor público, as empresas e os consumidores.
The intersection between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data with television entertainment has been promoting the emergence of new solutions, benefiting both the consumers, in terms of quality of the experience, and service providers, stimulating the sector’s growth. This dissertation, exploratory in nature, and using a qualitative and inductive approach, departs from the research questions (RQ) 1. “How are AI and big data being applied in television entertainment worldwide, in the last 5 years?” and 2. “How is the application of AI and big data on television entertainment, specifically in recommender systems, being regulated in the European Union (EU)?”. The objectives of this dissertation are to analyze how the AI and big data are being applied in television entertainment and to synthesize the main directives that regulate this integration. To answer RQ 1, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted. Eligibility criteria were scientific articles and conference proceedings, in English language, in the fields of Communication Sciences and AI, produced between 2016 and 2021. Twenty-four documents were included in this review, collected from 167 journals and proceedings. Results suggest a trend of application in distribution and consumption, specifically in recommender systems and in information management. To answer RQ 2, a case study was performed on the regulatory action of the EU on recommender systems, in comparison with China. For this part, the instruments used included the proposal for Regulation of AI (2021) and the proposal for Regulation on a Single Market for Digital Services (2020). The results highlight the lack of specific guidelines implemented and a tendentially collaborative approach between the public sector, companies and the consumers.
The intersection between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data with television entertainment has been promoting the emergence of new solutions, benefiting both the consumers, in terms of quality of the experience, and service providers, stimulating the sector’s growth. This dissertation, exploratory in nature, and using a qualitative and inductive approach, departs from the research questions (RQ) 1. “How are AI and big data being applied in television entertainment worldwide, in the last 5 years?” and 2. “How is the application of AI and big data on television entertainment, specifically in recommender systems, being regulated in the European Union (EU)?”. The objectives of this dissertation are to analyze how the AI and big data are being applied in television entertainment and to synthesize the main directives that regulate this integration. To answer RQ 1, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted. Eligibility criteria were scientific articles and conference proceedings, in English language, in the fields of Communication Sciences and AI, produced between 2016 and 2021. Twenty-four documents were included in this review, collected from 167 journals and proceedings. Results suggest a trend of application in distribution and consumption, specifically in recommender systems and in information management. To answer RQ 2, a case study was performed on the regulatory action of the EU on recommender systems, in comparison with China. For this part, the instruments used included the proposal for Regulation of AI (2021) and the proposal for Regulation on a Single Market for Digital Services (2020). The results highlight the lack of specific guidelines implemented and a tendentially collaborative approach between the public sector, companies and the consumers.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Entretenimento televisivo Inteligência artificial Big data União Europeia China Revisão sistemática da literatura Caso de estudo Television entertainment Artificial intelligence European Union Systematic literature review Case study