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Problemas complexos e Gestão do Território. Processo de reconversão da Área Urbana de Génese Ilegal do Pinhal do General
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O fenómeno dos “bairros clandestinos”, designados por Áreas Urbanas de Génese Ilegal, após a publicação da Lei nº 91/95, de 2 de setembro, resultam de uma resposta à escassez de habitação provocada por patologias do sistema social, institucional e económico, gerando territórios complexos e de difícil gestão, pela acumulação de problemas nos domínios do ordenamento do território, do urbanismo e da construção, quase sempre de difícil resolução. Estes loteamentos ilegais foram durante muitos anos ignorados pelo Poder Central e Local, e os poucos diplomas legais que foram publicados não conseguiram travar a sua expansão, nomeadamente nas periferias das Áreas Metropolitanas de Lisboa e do Porto, onde este fenómeno teve particular expressão. A entrada em vigor da Lei das AUGI marcou o início de “uma nova era” para os processos de reconversão dos loteamentos clandestinos. Contudo, passados mais de vinte e seis anos sobre a publicação da LAUGI, persistem inúmeras AUGI com processos de reconversão em curso ou até mesmo por iniciar, podendo concluir-se que a Lei não resolve situações mais complexas. O bairro do Pinhal do General é um exemplo de uma situação complexa. O processo de reconversão iniciou-se há mais de trinta anos, permanecendo ainda em curso. A dissertação aborda a evolução do processo de reconversão do Pinhal do General, analisando os problemas e condicionantes que têm travado a conclusão da reconversão, os instrumentos adotados e as razões da sua inoperacionalidade, e o papel desempenhado pelos diferentes atores, públicos e privados, envolvidos. Alguns constrangimentos recentemente ultrapassados criam a esperança de, um dia, o processo de reconversão ser concluído.
The phenomenon of “clandestine neighborhoods”, designated as Urban Areas of Illegal Genesis, after the publication of Law no. 91/95, of 2 September, results from a response to the lack of housing caused by pathologies of the social, institutional and economic systems, generating complex territory and difficult to manage, due the accumulation of problems in the domains of spatial planning, urban planning and construction, which are almost always difficult do resolve. The illegal subdivisions were for many years ignored by the Central and Local Government, and the few legal diplomas that were published did not manage to stop their expansions, namely in the outskirts of the Lisbon and Porto Metropolitan Areas, where this phenomenon had a particular expression. The entry into force of the AUGI Law marked the beginning of a “new era” of the processes if reconversion of clandestine subdivisions. However, more than twenty-six years after the publication of LAUGI, AUGI persists with ongoing or even initiating reconversion processes, and it can be concluded that the Law does not resolve the most complex hypotheses. The neighborhood of Pinhal do General is an example of a complex situation. The reconversion process began more than thirty years ago and is still ongoing. The dissertation addresses the evolution of the process at Pinhal do General, analyzing the problems and conditions that have hampered the completion of reconversion, the instruments adopted and the reasons for its inoperability, and the role played by actors, public and private, compromised. Some outdated constraints create the hope that, one day, the reconversion process will be completed.
The phenomenon of “clandestine neighborhoods”, designated as Urban Areas of Illegal Genesis, after the publication of Law no. 91/95, of 2 September, results from a response to the lack of housing caused by pathologies of the social, institutional and economic systems, generating complex territory and difficult to manage, due the accumulation of problems in the domains of spatial planning, urban planning and construction, which are almost always difficult do resolve. The illegal subdivisions were for many years ignored by the Central and Local Government, and the few legal diplomas that were published did not manage to stop their expansions, namely in the outskirts of the Lisbon and Porto Metropolitan Areas, where this phenomenon had a particular expression. The entry into force of the AUGI Law marked the beginning of a “new era” of the processes if reconversion of clandestine subdivisions. However, more than twenty-six years after the publication of LAUGI, AUGI persists with ongoing or even initiating reconversion processes, and it can be concluded that the Law does not resolve the most complex hypotheses. The neighborhood of Pinhal do General is an example of a complex situation. The reconversion process began more than thirty years ago and is still ongoing. The dissertation addresses the evolution of the process at Pinhal do General, analyzing the problems and conditions that have hampered the completion of reconversion, the instruments adopted and the reasons for its inoperability, and the role played by actors, public and private, compromised. Some outdated constraints create the hope that, one day, the reconversion process will be completed.
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Bairros clandestinos Áreas urbanas de génese ilegal Processo de reconversão Pinhal do General Problema complexo Clandestine neighborhoods Urban areas of illegal origin Reconversion process Complex problem