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O modernismo de Delfim Maya. As esculturas em folha de ferro e noutros metais em 1934
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Delfim Maya (1886-1978) foi o primeiro artista que, em 1934, introduziu em Portugal a escultura em metal, mais precisamente, em folha recortada de ferro e outros metais ‒ o que foi inovador não só pelo material, mas também por ser construída e não modelada ou talhada diretamente noutros materiais. Esta trabalho foi pensado de modo original, passando da bidimensionalidade do desenho, em que fazia a decomposição do volume em planos, para a tridimensionalidade, em que a figura é constituída pelos dobramentos côncavos e convexos da folha de metal, sem soldadura. Por estas características, este artista pode ser relacionado com o Cubismo analítico. Caracterizada pelo movimento e pela velocidade, convergindo com o Futurismo, a obra de Delfim Maya rompe com a produção estática da sua época. Usando o espaço como material escultural, o artista pode ainda ser relacionado com o Construtivismo. Ele foi também um inovador ao trazer o tema do desporto para a escultura, sendo neste campo o artista mais representativo da temática animalista na primeira metade do século XX. Oficial de Cavalaria, demitido do Exército por ter lutado pelo restauro da monarquia, Delfim Maya, em 1930, passou a fazer da arte a sua profissão. Tendo assimilado vários aspetos da cultura espanhola, pode ser considerado um artista ibérico. Persona non grata do regime salazarista, nunca teve encomendas do Estado, defrontando-se toda a vida com graves dificuldades financeiras. Embora reconhecido pelo público e por críticos de arte do seu tempo, Delfim Maya permaneceu esquecido na História de Arte portuguesa.
Delfim Maya (1886-1978) was the sculptor who, in 1934, introduced in Portugal sculptures made of clipped metal sheet – iron, but also other metals – folded from a single piece. His work was ground-breaking as it was created directly from the metal, rather than shaped or carved, like in other materials. It was conceived in a unique way: from the two-dimensional sketch, where the volume was decomposed into plans, to the three-dimensional sculpture, where the figure was created from the concave and convex folds of the metal sheet, without any welding. Based on these features, it can be related into analytical cubism. Essentially characterized by movement, Maya's work breaks away from the static sculpture of his time, converging with futurism. Using space as sculpture material, the sculptor can also be related to Constructivism. He was also a pioneer in bringing sports into sculpture, and the most prominent artist to include animal representation in the Portuguese sculpture of the first half of the 20th century. Cavalry officer, sacked from the army for fighting to restore the monarchy, Delfim Maya started his professional career in arts in 1930. Having assimilated several aspects of the Spanish culture, he may be considered an Iberian artist. Persona non grata of Salazar's regime, he was never commissioned by the State and faced severe financial hardships during his entire life. Despite being recognized by the public and art critics of his time, he remained forgotten in the Portuguese Art History.
Delfim Maya (1886-1978) was the sculptor who, in 1934, introduced in Portugal sculptures made of clipped metal sheet – iron, but also other metals – folded from a single piece. His work was ground-breaking as it was created directly from the metal, rather than shaped or carved, like in other materials. It was conceived in a unique way: from the two-dimensional sketch, where the volume was decomposed into plans, to the three-dimensional sculpture, where the figure was created from the concave and convex folds of the metal sheet, without any welding. Based on these features, it can be related into analytical cubism. Essentially characterized by movement, Maya's work breaks away from the static sculpture of his time, converging with futurism. Using space as sculpture material, the sculptor can also be related to Constructivism. He was also a pioneer in bringing sports into sculpture, and the most prominent artist to include animal representation in the Portuguese sculpture of the first half of the 20th century. Cavalry officer, sacked from the army for fighting to restore the monarchy, Delfim Maya started his professional career in arts in 1930. Having assimilated several aspects of the Spanish culture, he may be considered an Iberian artist. Persona non grata of Salazar's regime, he was never commissioned by the State and faced severe financial hardships during his entire life. Despite being recognized by the public and art critics of his time, he remained forgotten in the Portuguese Art History.
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Arte Contemporânea Séc. XX Arte portuguesa Escultura em ferro Modernismo O movimento na arte Arte cinética O cavalo na arte O desporto na arte Contemporary Art 20th Century Portuguese Art Iron-sheet sculpture Modernism Movement in Art Kinetic Art Horses in Art Sports in Art