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Primeira onda impressa. Ações e reações ao feminismo nos periódicos cariocas
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma análise das ações feministas, bem como das reações antifeministas, expressas em quatro periódicos que circularam na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: Revista da Semana, Revista Feminina, O Malho e Para Todos, entre os anos 1918 e 1932, cuja consulta se realizou na Hemeroteca Digital do Rio de Janeiro A pesquisa teve como suporte aspectos teóricos dos estudos de género, da história cultural e da relevância dos meios de comunicação de massa, enquanto elemento fiável na análise do contexto histórico e social de uma determinada realidade a estudar. A sua consulta e análise permitiu recriar a participação ativa das mulheres da elite carioca, não apenas enquanto agentes da escrita, como dando conta da crescente visibilidade na ocupação do espaço público, e das alterações ocorridas na sua condição social e política. O novo comportamento feminino, surgido após a Primeira Guerra Mundial, repercutiu-se um pouco por toda a Europa e os seus reflexos fizeram-se sentir no Brasil, com efeitos muito visíveis na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. À emergência dessa “nova mulher” reagiram positiva ou negativamente outros atores, neste último caso, muitas vezes ridicularizando os novos papéis sociais reivindicados pelas mulheres. Realiza também um resgate de memória sobre a primeira onda feminista ocorrida nessa cidade;
as principais lideranças, as suas respetivas ideologias, reivindicações e modus operandi; a mentalidade da sociedade dessa época que formatava as vivências individuais e o funcionamento de instituições numa sociedade que se encontrava em pleno processo de metamorfose.
The present work aims to carry out an analysis of feminist actions, as well as anti-feminist reactions, expressed in four periodicals that circulated in the city of Rio de Janeiro: Revista da Semana, Revista Feminina, O Malho and Para Todos, between 1918 and 1932, consulted through the Digital Newspaper & Periodicals Library of the National Library of Rio de Janeiro. The research was supported by theoretical aspects of gender studies, cultural history and the relevance of the mass media, as a reliable element in the analysis of the historical and social context of a given reality to be studied. Their consultation and analysis allowed to recreate the active participation of women from the Carioca elite, not only as agents of writing, but also giving an account of the growing visibility in the occupation of public space, and the changes that have occurred in their social and political condition. The new female behavior, which emerged after the First World War, had repercussions throughout Europe and its reflexes were felt in Brazil, with very visible effects in the city of Rio de Janeiro. To the emergence of this “new woman” other actors reacted positively or negatively, in the latter case, often ridiculing the new social roles claimed by women. It also carries out a memory recovery about the first feminist wave that occurred in this city; the main leaders, their respective ideologies, demands and methodology; the mentality of society at that time that shaped individual experiences and the functioning of institutions in a society that was in the middle of a process of metamorphosis.
The present work aims to carry out an analysis of feminist actions, as well as anti-feminist reactions, expressed in four periodicals that circulated in the city of Rio de Janeiro: Revista da Semana, Revista Feminina, O Malho and Para Todos, between 1918 and 1932, consulted through the Digital Newspaper & Periodicals Library of the National Library of Rio de Janeiro. The research was supported by theoretical aspects of gender studies, cultural history and the relevance of the mass media, as a reliable element in the analysis of the historical and social context of a given reality to be studied. Their consultation and analysis allowed to recreate the active participation of women from the Carioca elite, not only as agents of writing, but also giving an account of the growing visibility in the occupation of public space, and the changes that have occurred in their social and political condition. The new female behavior, which emerged after the First World War, had repercussions throughout Europe and its reflexes were felt in Brazil, with very visible effects in the city of Rio de Janeiro. To the emergence of this “new woman” other actors reacted positively or negatively, in the latter case, often ridiculing the new social roles claimed by women. It also carries out a memory recovery about the first feminist wave that occurred in this city; the main leaders, their respective ideologies, demands and methodology; the mentality of society at that time that shaped individual experiences and the functioning of institutions in a society that was in the middle of a process of metamorphosis.
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Palavras-chave
Feminismo Rio de Janeiro Periódicos Primeira onda feminista First feminist wave Feminism Periodicals