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Publicação
Recuperação de Solvente na Produção de Fibra Acrílica
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Devido ao elevado custo dos solventes utilizados na indústria das fibras sintéticas, a sua
recuperação torna-se uma parte fundamental e integrante do processo de fabrico. Neste sentido, esta
dissertação tem como objetivo simular e analisar o processo de recuperação de solvente numa fábrica
de fibras acrílicas, assim como o estudo das emissões fugitivas dos tanques de armazenamento de
solvente (N,N-dimetilacetamida), de modo a minimizar as suas perdas para a atmosfera e assim reutilizar
o solvente recuperado.
A unidade de Recuperação de Solvente da SGL Composites, S.A., na qual a operação de
destilação é processada em quatros colunas de múltiplo efeito, capta solvente diluído em água
proveniente da área de extrusão da fibra.
A simulação foi realizada com recurso ao simulador Aspen Plus 11.1, com o objetivo de estudar
o consumo de vapor a alta pressão consoante variações que possam ocorrer durante o processo
produtivo. Após a validação dos resultados da simulação, concluiu-se que um aumento da concentração
de solvente em 42 % diminui em cerca de 49 % o caudal de vapor a alta pressão.
As emissões fugitivas de solvente dos tanques de armazenamento de solvente resultam de perdas
evaporativas durante o armazenamento e de alterações do nível de líquido dentro do tanque. Estas
emissões foram estimadas em cerca de 11 toneladas por ano utilizando o software TANKS, das quais
75 % são provenientes do Tanque 70CR.
O Tanque 13+55CR foi aquele que apresentou uma maior quantidade de emissões de solvente
como consequência da alteração do nível de líquido.
Por conseguinte, foi realizado um projeto de um sistema que visa recuperar 99,9 % do solvente
perdido, através da operação de absorção numa coluna de enchimento.
Due to the high cost of solvents used in the synthetic fiber industry, their recovery becomes a fundamental and integral part of the manufacturing process. Hence, this dissertation aims to simulate and analyse the solvent recovery process in an acrylic fiber plant, as well as to study the fugitive emissions from the solvent storage tanks (N,N-dimethylacetamide), in order to minimize their loss to the atmosphere and thus be able to reuse the recovered solvent. The Solvent Recovery unit at SGL Composites, S.A., where the distillation operation is processed in four multiple effect columns, receives solvent diluted with water from the spinning area. The simulation was carried using the Aspen Plus 11.1 simulator, with the purpose of understanding the high pressure steam consumption according to variations that may occur during the production process. After validation of simulation results, it was concluded that an increase in solvent concentration by 42 % causes the high pressure steam flow to decrease by about 49 %. Solvent fugitive emissions from solvent storage tanks are due to evaporative losses during storage and changes in the liquid level within the tank. These emissions were estimated at 11 tons per year using TANKS software, of which 75 % originating from Tank 70CR. Tank 13+55CR was the one with the highest amount of solvent emissions as a consequence of the change in liquid level. Therefore, it was designed a project of a system to recover 99.9 % of the lost solvent through the absorption operation in a packed column.
Due to the high cost of solvents used in the synthetic fiber industry, their recovery becomes a fundamental and integral part of the manufacturing process. Hence, this dissertation aims to simulate and analyse the solvent recovery process in an acrylic fiber plant, as well as to study the fugitive emissions from the solvent storage tanks (N,N-dimethylacetamide), in order to minimize their loss to the atmosphere and thus be able to reuse the recovered solvent. The Solvent Recovery unit at SGL Composites, S.A., where the distillation operation is processed in four multiple effect columns, receives solvent diluted with water from the spinning area. The simulation was carried using the Aspen Plus 11.1 simulator, with the purpose of understanding the high pressure steam consumption according to variations that may occur during the production process. After validation of simulation results, it was concluded that an increase in solvent concentration by 42 % causes the high pressure steam flow to decrease by about 49 %. Solvent fugitive emissions from solvent storage tanks are due to evaporative losses during storage and changes in the liquid level within the tank. These emissions were estimated at 11 tons per year using TANKS software, of which 75 % originating from Tank 70CR. Tank 13+55CR was the one with the highest amount of solvent emissions as a consequence of the change in liquid level. Therefore, it was designed a project of a system to recover 99.9 % of the lost solvent through the absorption operation in a packed column.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
recuperação de solvente emissões fugitivas fibras acrílicas simulação do processo N N-dimetilacetamida