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Revisão bibliográfica sobre plantas medicinais utilizadas em África; Estudo fitoquímico de Adansonia digitata L. & Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.
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O trabalho foi feito em duas partes: levantamento bibliográfico de plantas usadas em África como
fonte medicinal e estudos fitoquímicos de fruto de A. digitata L. & folhas de Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. A
partir deste levantamento chegou-se a concluir existem muitas espécies vegetais endémicas que necessitam
maior atenção no que tange aspetos científicos, sendo que no continente africano, especialmente em Moçambique cerca de 50% da população vivem na base da medicina tradicional sem que haja um conhecimento científico.
A A. digitata L. (malvaceae), vulgarmente Baobab e em Moçambique conhecido de nome Malambe é
uma planta indígena nativa da África sub-sahariana, em que o seu fruto é utilizado pelas populações como
fonte alimentício, principalmente para crianças desnutridas, e em algumas regiões as sementes utilizadas
para temperar caril. Além do valor nutricional do fruto, também apresenta propriedades medicinais incluindo as raízes, folhas, cascas e sementes que é usada pelas populações para o combate de várias doenças
endémica como a malária, diarreias, infeções microbianas.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo análise quantitativa dos compostos bioativos mais representativos do fruto, sementes da árvore A. digitata, de Moçambique, cidade de Tete, local de onde foi colhida
a amostra e A. melanoxylon colhida em Portugal - Sintra.
Para identificação e caraterização dos metabólitos secundários no fruto, sementes de A. digitata e A.
melanoxylon, usou-se solventes de metanol, n-hexano e diclorometano onde revelou a presença alguns compostos.
Os extratos de metanol do fruto de A. digitata, foram isolados os açucares sucrose (20), fructose (21),
α-glucose (22), e β-glucose (24); e nos extratos de n-Hexano e diclorometano foram identificados e isolados
os ácidos gordos: ácido gordo ω-6 (12), ácido gordo ω-3(16), extrato de n-Hexano glicerol; um triglicérido
(176), e composto terpénico β-sitosterol (3).
A Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Vulgarmente conhecida como acácia-negra ou acácia-austrália e nativa
no sudeste da Austrália e em Tasmânia é uma espécie cujos seus metabolitos tem muita atividade biológica.
Foram colhidas as folhas nas paisagens de Lisboa em Portugal para o seu estudo. Neste estudo foram usados os extratos de diclorometano e separou-se o metabólito terpénico Blumenol A (Vomifoliol A).
Este estudo, embora preliminar, indicou a presença de compostos com propriedades bioativas, visando o seu interesse para sua aplicação na vertente alimentar como farmacêutica.
The work was carried out in two parts: bibliographic survey of plants used in Africa as a medicinal source and phytochemical studies of A. digitata L. fruits and Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. leaves, from a scientific point of view, and on the African continent, especially in Mozambique, about 50% of the population lives basing on traditional medicine without any scientific knowledge. A. digitata L. (malvaceae), commonly Baobab and in Mozambique known as Malambe is a native plant from Sub-Saharan Africa, in which its fruit is used by people as a food source, mainly for children with malnutrition, and in some regions the seeds are used as spices. In addition to the nutritional value of the fruit, it also has medicinal properties such as roots, leaves, husks, and seeds that are used by populations to combat various endemic diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, and microbial infections. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the most representative bioactive compounds of the fruit, seeds of the A. digitata tree, from Mozambique, city of Tete, where the sample was collected and A. melanoxylon collected in Portugal - Sintra. To identify and characterize the secondary metabolites in the fruit, seeds of A. digitata and A. melanoxylon, methanol solvents, n-hexane and dichloromethane were used, which revealed the presence of some compounds. From the methanol extracts of the fruit of A. digitata, sucrose (20), fructose (21), α-glucose (22) and β-glucose (24) sugars were isolated; and in the n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts, the following fatty acids were identified and isolated: ω-6 fatty acid (12), ω-3 fatty acid (16), nhexane glycerol extract; a triglyceride (176) and β-sitosterol (3) terpenic compound. Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Commonly known as black wattle or Australian wattle and native to southeastern Australia and Tasmania, it is a species whose metabolites have a lot of biological activity. The leaves were collected in the landscapes of Lisbon, Portugal, for their study. In this study, dichloromethane extracts were used and the terpenic metabolite Blumenol A (Vomifoliol A) was separated. This study, although preliminary, indicated the presence of compounds with bioactive properties, aiming their interest for its application in foods as pharmaceuticals.
The work was carried out in two parts: bibliographic survey of plants used in Africa as a medicinal source and phytochemical studies of A. digitata L. fruits and Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. leaves, from a scientific point of view, and on the African continent, especially in Mozambique, about 50% of the population lives basing on traditional medicine without any scientific knowledge. A. digitata L. (malvaceae), commonly Baobab and in Mozambique known as Malambe is a native plant from Sub-Saharan Africa, in which its fruit is used by people as a food source, mainly for children with malnutrition, and in some regions the seeds are used as spices. In addition to the nutritional value of the fruit, it also has medicinal properties such as roots, leaves, husks, and seeds that are used by populations to combat various endemic diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, and microbial infections. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the most representative bioactive compounds of the fruit, seeds of the A. digitata tree, from Mozambique, city of Tete, where the sample was collected and A. melanoxylon collected in Portugal - Sintra. To identify and characterize the secondary metabolites in the fruit, seeds of A. digitata and A. melanoxylon, methanol solvents, n-hexane and dichloromethane were used, which revealed the presence of some compounds. From the methanol extracts of the fruit of A. digitata, sucrose (20), fructose (21), α-glucose (22) and β-glucose (24) sugars were isolated; and in the n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts, the following fatty acids were identified and isolated: ω-6 fatty acid (12), ω-3 fatty acid (16), nhexane glycerol extract; a triglyceride (176) and β-sitosterol (3) terpenic compound. Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Commonly known as black wattle or Australian wattle and native to southeastern Australia and Tasmania, it is a species whose metabolites have a lot of biological activity. The leaves were collected in the landscapes of Lisbon, Portugal, for their study. In this study, dichloromethane extracts were used and the terpenic metabolite Blumenol A (Vomifoliol A) was separated. This study, although preliminary, indicated the presence of compounds with bioactive properties, aiming their interest for its application in foods as pharmaceuticals.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantas endémicas Adansonia digitata açucares ácidos gordos terpenóides Acacia melanoxylon