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Neutralização das emissões de gases de efeito de estufa através de ações de sequestro de carbono: uma metodologia para os municípios
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Nas últimas décadas observou-se o crescente esforço para combater as alterações climáticas no Planeta. Medidas de mitigação e adaptação foram propostas para as comunidades globais e centros urbanos a fim de se evitar uma elevação da temperatura média do Planeta superior a 1,5ºC e 2ºC, valores considerados através do referencial da temperatura média global pré-revolução industrial. O uso e ocupação do solo, devido à sua relevante contribuição para mitigação e adaptação frente as alterações climáticas, torna-se uma ferramenta importante para as administrações municipais que pretendem usar esse conhecimento de forma eficaz e eficiente ao explorar as suas características através de soluções baseadas na natureza. Dentre as principais medidas apresentadas neste documento, a captura e o armazenamento de carbono através das espécies vegetais de um ecossistema são destacados pelo potencial que essa ação traz ao promover múltiplos benefícios para as comunidades de entorno, além de apoiar as metas de neutralização carbónica do país. O sequestro de carbono através do florestamento, reflorestamento, manejos agroflorestais ou alguns tipos de culturas agrícolas, representa uma medida que pode ser integrada aos planos municipais para cumprir os objetivos climáticos locais e apoiar outros municípios que queiram pagar pelo serviço ambiental que essas práticas de remoção de carbono atmosférico representam. Ao propor uma relação de cooperação entre dois concelhos de Portugal, nomeadamente Almada e Ansião, verificou-se que há oportunidades para a colaboração de unidades subnacionais de Portugal visando, conjuntamente, atingirem as metas estabelecidas no Roteiro de neutralidade carbónica 2050 (RNC2050). Constatou-se que mecanismos de cooperação podem ser criados a nível nacional para estimular as potencialidades do uso e ocupação do solo em concelhos do interior de Portugal para compensarem aqueles concelhos que necessitam de apoio para neutralizar suas emissões. Para isso, políticas de pagamento por serviços ecossistémicos devem ser estimuladas, devido aos benefícios que as soluções baseadas na natureza apresentam a nível nacional, além de influenciar o desenvolvimento local de zonas que buscam ser economicamente atrativas para suas populações.
In recent decades, there has been a growing effort to combat climate change on the planet. Mitigation and adaptation measures were proposed for global communities and urban centers in order to avoid an increase in the planet's average temperature above 1.5ºC and 2ºC, values considered through the pre-industrial revolution global average temperature reference. The use and occupation of land, due to its relevant contribution to mitigation and adaptation to climate change, becomes an important tool for municipal administrations that intend to use this knowledge effectively and efficiently to explore its characteristics through solutions based on nature. Among the main measures presented in this document, the capture and storage of carbon through plant species in an ecosystem is highlighted by the potential that this action brings to promote multiple benefits for the surrounding communities, in addition to supporting the country's carbon neutralization goals. Carbon sequestration through afforestation, reforestation, agroforestry management or some types of agricultural crops, represents a measure that can be integrated into municipal plans to meet local climate objectives and support other municipalities that want to pay for the environmental service that these removal practices of atmospheric carbon represent. By proposing a cooperation relationship between two Portuguese councils, namely Almada and Ansião, it was found that there are opportunities for the collaboration of subnational units in Portugal, jointly aiming to achieve the goals established in the Carbon Neutrality Roadmap 2050 (RNC2050). It was found that cooperation mechanisms can be created at national level to stimulate the potential of land use and occupation in municipalities in the interior of Portugal to compensate those municipalities that need support to neutralize their emissions. For this, payment policies for ecosystem services should be encouraged, due to the benefits that nature-based solutions present at the national level, in addition to influencing the local development of areas that seek to be economically attractive to their populations.
In recent decades, there has been a growing effort to combat climate change on the planet. Mitigation and adaptation measures were proposed for global communities and urban centers in order to avoid an increase in the planet's average temperature above 1.5ºC and 2ºC, values considered through the pre-industrial revolution global average temperature reference. The use and occupation of land, due to its relevant contribution to mitigation and adaptation to climate change, becomes an important tool for municipal administrations that intend to use this knowledge effectively and efficiently to explore its characteristics through solutions based on nature. Among the main measures presented in this document, the capture and storage of carbon through plant species in an ecosystem is highlighted by the potential that this action brings to promote multiple benefits for the surrounding communities, in addition to supporting the country's carbon neutralization goals. Carbon sequestration through afforestation, reforestation, agroforestry management or some types of agricultural crops, represents a measure that can be integrated into municipal plans to meet local climate objectives and support other municipalities that want to pay for the environmental service that these removal practices of atmospheric carbon represent. By proposing a cooperation relationship between two Portuguese councils, namely Almada and Ansião, it was found that there are opportunities for the collaboration of subnational units in Portugal, jointly aiming to achieve the goals established in the Carbon Neutrality Roadmap 2050 (RNC2050). It was found that cooperation mechanisms can be created at national level to stimulate the potential of land use and occupation in municipalities in the interior of Portugal to compensate those municipalities that need support to neutralize their emissions. For this, payment policies for ecosystem services should be encouraged, due to the benefits that nature-based solutions present at the national level, in addition to influencing the local development of areas that seek to be economically attractive to their populations.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Efeito de estufa Neutralização Captura de carbono Sequestro de Carbono Mitigação das Alterações Climáticas Uso e Ocupação do Solo Pagamento por Serviços Ecossistémicos Carbon sequestration Climate change mitigation Land use Payment for ecosystem services