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Igualiberdade e dignidade
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Resumo(s)
De acordo com a tradição liberal, igualdade e liberdade são valores independentes, cada qual
perfazendo uma dimensão dos direitos fundamentais. Contudo, a teoria desenvolvida por
Étienne Balibar, ao revisitar os ideais presentes na Revolução Francesa e que deram origem
a Declaração do Direito do Homem e do Cidadão, pressupõe tratarem-se de valores
interdependentes, um não existindo sem o outro, uma vez que os agentes revolucionários
lutaram, a um só tempo, contra o absolutismo (negação da liberdade) e os privilégios
(negação da igualdade), inexistindo exemplo histórico que suprima uma e não a outra. Nesta
toada, Balibar defende que os termos “homem” e “cidadão”, tal como inseridos na
mencionada Declaração, são inseparáveis. A partir da concepção de igualiberdade de
Balibar, é possível fazer uma análise crítica acerca das desigualdades existentes na realidade
socioeconômica brasileira, pois a desigualdade estrutural existente acaba por suprimir a
própria liberdade dos brasileiros em situação de extrema pobreza. A história demonstra que
tais desigualdades remontam ao período do fim da escravidão, ante a ausência de uma
política pública específica para promover a inclusão dos ex-escravos à sociedade, o que
explica a existência do racismo estrutural até os dias atuais. A interseccionalidade entre o
racismo e o sexismo, problema presente em diversas sociedades, incluindo-se as
desenvolvidas, faz com que a mulher negra seja a maior prejudicada nesse cenário de
iniquidades, o que revela a importância do Bolsa Família, programa de transferência
condicionada de renda, cujo objetivo é a diminuição da pobreza. Essa dissertação, ao
promover por meio de uma combinação de métodos quantitativos e qualitativos uma análise
crítica dos indicadores sociais e dos resultados do referido programa, defende que a
obrigatoriedade da manutenção do mesmo decorre não só da necessária observância à
dignidade da pessoa humana, mas também da igualiberdade, já que a diminuição das
desigualdades sociais confere liberdade para seus beneficiários escolherem seu modo de
vida. Por fim, propõe-se a utilização do referido programa como ação afirmativa, criando-se
uma transferência de renda exclusivamente em favor da mulher negra, cujo intuito seria
promover reparação histórica pelos males causados pela escravidão ao tempo em que
propicia a diminuição dos malefícios causados pelas discriminações de raça e gênero por
elas sofridas.
According to the liberal tradition, equality and freedom are independent values, each one making up a dimension of fundamental rights. However, the theory developed by Étienne Balibar, when revisiting the ideals present in the French Revolution and which gave rise to the Declaration of the Rigths of Man and Citizen, presupposes that they are interdependent values, one not existing without the other, since the revolutionary agents fought, at the same time, against absolutism (the denial of freedom) and privileges (the denial of equality), with no historical example that suppresses one and not the other. In this tone, Balibar argues that the terms "man" and "citizen", as inserted in the aforementioned Declaration, are inseparable. Based on the concept of equaliberty by Balibar, it's possible to make a critical analysis of the existing inequalities in the Brazilian socioeconomic reality, since the existing structural inequality ends up suppressing the very freedom of Brazilians in situations of extreme poverty. History shows that such inequalities date back to the end of slavery, in the absence of a specific public policy to promote the inclusion of ex-slaves in society, which explains the existence of structural racism to the present day. The intersectionality between racism and sexism, a problem present in several societies, including developed ones, makes black women the most affected in this scenario of inequities, which reveals the importance of Bolsa Família, a conditional cash transfer program. whose objective is the reduction of poverty. This dissertation, by promoting through a combination of quantitative and qulitative methods a critical analysis of the social indicators and the results of that program, defends that the obligation to maintain it arises not only from the necessary observance of the dignity of the human person, but also from equaliberty, since the reduction of social inequalities confers freedom for its beneficiaries to choose their way of life. Finally, it is proposed to use the referred program as an affirmative action, creating an income transfer exclusively in favor of black women, whose aim would be to promote historical reparation for the misfortunes caused by slavery at the same time that it provides the reduction of the harm caused due to race and gender discrimination.
According to the liberal tradition, equality and freedom are independent values, each one making up a dimension of fundamental rights. However, the theory developed by Étienne Balibar, when revisiting the ideals present in the French Revolution and which gave rise to the Declaration of the Rigths of Man and Citizen, presupposes that they are interdependent values, one not existing without the other, since the revolutionary agents fought, at the same time, against absolutism (the denial of freedom) and privileges (the denial of equality), with no historical example that suppresses one and not the other. In this tone, Balibar argues that the terms "man" and "citizen", as inserted in the aforementioned Declaration, are inseparable. Based on the concept of equaliberty by Balibar, it's possible to make a critical analysis of the existing inequalities in the Brazilian socioeconomic reality, since the existing structural inequality ends up suppressing the very freedom of Brazilians in situations of extreme poverty. History shows that such inequalities date back to the end of slavery, in the absence of a specific public policy to promote the inclusion of ex-slaves in society, which explains the existence of structural racism to the present day. The intersectionality between racism and sexism, a problem present in several societies, including developed ones, makes black women the most affected in this scenario of inequities, which reveals the importance of Bolsa Família, a conditional cash transfer program. whose objective is the reduction of poverty. This dissertation, by promoting through a combination of quantitative and qulitative methods a critical analysis of the social indicators and the results of that program, defends that the obligation to maintain it arises not only from the necessary observance of the dignity of the human person, but also from equaliberty, since the reduction of social inequalities confers freedom for its beneficiaries to choose their way of life. Finally, it is proposed to use the referred program as an affirmative action, creating an income transfer exclusively in favor of black women, whose aim would be to promote historical reparation for the misfortunes caused by slavery at the same time that it provides the reduction of the harm caused due to race and gender discrimination.
Descrição
Dissertação com vista à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Direito, na especialidade de Direito Público
Palavras-chave
Balibar Igualiberdade Desigualdade Racismo Programa Bolsa Família Ação afirmativa Equaliberty Inequality Racism Bolsa Família Programm Affirmative action