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Angola Degredo Salvação. Possibilidades, agência quimera: Angola na imaginação e na ação portuguesa c. 1900
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Após a independência do Brasil, Angola ocupou a posição de colónia primeira e principal, pivô do sistema colonial português. A sua enorme dimensão e potencial gerou expectativas em torno do impacto que a transferência de recursos poderia vir a ter em Portugal. Nesta dissertação identificam-se fatores da conjuntura geopolítica e decisões da política ultramarina portuguesa que nas últimas décadas do século XIX reforçaram o valor diferencial de Angola por comparação com as outras colónias africanas. Partindo deste lugar principal ocupado por Angola, esta dissertação discute a eficiência da agência portuguesa para a rentabilização da colónia com aproveitamento na metrópole, concentrando o objeto de estudo entre 1892 e 1903. Fazemos o levantamento de algumas das imagens que povoavam o imaginário metropolitano sobre Angola, produzindo atração e repulsa pela colónia e gerando condicionantes à agenda e à agência portuguesa em Angola. Confronta-se o envio de degredados para a colónia com a expectativa que essa mesma colónia viesse a gerar riqueza para a salvação de Portugal. Analisa-se a discussão sobre a concessão do Caminho de Ferro de Benguela a um britânico, custos e benefícios de concessionar o progresso de Angola ao capital estrangeiro. Identifica-se a justificação e a função de dois discursos contraditórios: o que sobrevalorizava o grau de implantação portuguesa em Angola e o que declarava a fragilidade da sua colonização. A investigação sobre as formas de uso de Angola para benefício português, fez questionar a validade do estafado mote que preconizava o «desenvolvimento material das colónias» como princípio geral da política colonial portuguesa.
After Brazil's independence, Angola took the position of first and main colony, pivot of the Portuguese colonial system. Its enormous size and potential generated expectations regarding the impact that the transfer of resources could have in Portugal. This dissertation identifies factors of the geopolitical situation and decisions of Portuguese overseas policy that in the last decades of the 19th century reinforced the differential value of Angola compared to the other African colonies. Assuming this main position occupied by Angola, this dissertation discusses the efficiency of the Portuguese agency to make the colony profitable with benefits for the metropolis, concentrating the object of study between 1892 and 1903. We survey some of the images that populated the metropolitan imaginary about Angola, producing attraction and repulsion for the colony, conditioning the agenda and the Portuguese agency in Angola. The transportation of convicts to the colony is confronted with the expectation that this same colony would generate wealth for the salvation of Portugal. The discussion on the concession of the Benguela Railway to a British person is analyzed, as well as the costs and benefits of granting Angola's progress to foreign capital. The justification and function of two contradictory discourses are identified: the one that overvalued the degree of Portuguese implantation in Angola and the one that declared the fragility of its colonization. The investigation into the ways of using Angola for the Portuguese benefit raised questions about the validity of the tired motto that advocated the “material development of the colonies” as a general principle of Portuguese colonial policy.
After Brazil's independence, Angola took the position of first and main colony, pivot of the Portuguese colonial system. Its enormous size and potential generated expectations regarding the impact that the transfer of resources could have in Portugal. This dissertation identifies factors of the geopolitical situation and decisions of Portuguese overseas policy that in the last decades of the 19th century reinforced the differential value of Angola compared to the other African colonies. Assuming this main position occupied by Angola, this dissertation discusses the efficiency of the Portuguese agency to make the colony profitable with benefits for the metropolis, concentrating the object of study between 1892 and 1903. We survey some of the images that populated the metropolitan imaginary about Angola, producing attraction and repulsion for the colony, conditioning the agenda and the Portuguese agency in Angola. The transportation of convicts to the colony is confronted with the expectation that this same colony would generate wealth for the salvation of Portugal. The discussion on the concession of the Benguela Railway to a British person is analyzed, as well as the costs and benefits of granting Angola's progress to foreign capital. The justification and function of two contradictory discourses are identified: the one that overvalued the degree of Portuguese implantation in Angola and the one that declared the fragility of its colonization. The investigation into the ways of using Angola for the Portuguese benefit raised questions about the validity of the tired motto that advocated the “material development of the colonies” as a general principle of Portuguese colonial policy.
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Angola Séc. XX Agência Quimera Colonialismo Ferrovias Portugal Degredo Agência colonial Emigração Concessões ultramarinas Penal exile Colonial agency Railways Emigration Overseas concessions