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A genderização do poder local em Portugal: experiências e perceções de mulheres autarcas
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Os últimos quinze anos de poder político em Portugal foram marcados pelo aumento consistente e constante da presença de mulheres em todos os órgãos de poder político. No poder local, desde a implementação da Lei da Paridade, até 2017, ano das últimas eleições autárquicas abrangidas nesta análise, o número de mulheres eleitas passou dos 14,3% para os 33,2%. Se as mulheres passaram a ocupar de forma mais significativa as autarquias em Portugal, importa compreender se o exercício do poder se mantém assimétrico e genderizado, e quais as dinâmicas de resistência que se impõem à plena e igualitária participação das mulheres. Para conhecer e analisar as suas experiências e perceções, entrevistaram-se 11 mulheres autarcas a desempenhar funções em órgãos executivos de Câmaras Municipais da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa e do Distrito de Santarém. Os resultados indicam que as dinâmicas de poder continuam genderizadas, identificando-se resistências informais e subtis que dificultam o envolvimento das mulheres nos processos de tomada de decisão. Estas resistências nem sempre são reconhecidas pelas autarcas como tal, verificando-se a tendência para a sua desvalorização. Apesar disso, parece consensual que a Lei da Paridade veio melhorar a situação das mulheres na atividade política, sendo hoje mais fácil entrar e permanecer na política local. O evidente aumento numérico normalizou a presença das mulheres, mas o princípio da igualdade parece não estar ainda incorporado em todas as práticas.
In the last fifteen years of political power in Portugal there was a consistent and constant increase in the presence of women in all political bodies. In local government, since the Parity Law implementation until 2017, year of the last local elections covered in this analysis, the number of elected women increased from 14.3% to 33.2%. While women’s presence in Portuguese autarchies has increased significantly, it is important to understand whether the exercise of power remains asymmetrical and gendered and what dynamics of resistance are imposed on the full and equal participation of women. In order to know and analyze their experiences and perceptions, 11 women mayors working in executive bodies of Municipal Councils in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon and in the District of Santarém were interviewed. The results indicate that power dynamics remain gendered and it were identified informal and subtle resistances that make it difficult for women to be involved in decision making processes. These resistances are not always recognized by the mayors as such and there is a tendency for their devaluation. Despite this, it seems consensual that the Parity Law has improved the situation of women in political activity, making it easier today to access and remain in local politics. The obvious increase in numbers has normalized the presence of women, but the principle of equality does not yet seem to be incorporated into all practices.
In the last fifteen years of political power in Portugal there was a consistent and constant increase in the presence of women in all political bodies. In local government, since the Parity Law implementation until 2017, year of the last local elections covered in this analysis, the number of elected women increased from 14.3% to 33.2%. While women’s presence in Portuguese autarchies has increased significantly, it is important to understand whether the exercise of power remains asymmetrical and gendered and what dynamics of resistance are imposed on the full and equal participation of women. In order to know and analyze their experiences and perceptions, 11 women mayors working in executive bodies of Municipal Councils in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon and in the District of Santarém were interviewed. The results indicate that power dynamics remain gendered and it were identified informal and subtle resistances that make it difficult for women to be involved in decision making processes. These resistances are not always recognized by the mayors as such and there is a tendency for their devaluation. Despite this, it seems consensual that the Parity Law has improved the situation of women in political activity, making it easier today to access and remain in local politics. The obvious increase in numbers has normalized the presence of women, but the principle of equality does not yet seem to be incorporated into all practices.
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Poder local Portugal Genderização Mulheres Igualdade Lei da Paridade Resistências Women Local politics Equality Parity Law Resistances