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O outro: um estudo fenomenológico sobre o outro e a sua relação com a subjetividade
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Procura-se com a presente dissertação construir um entendimento sobre o conceito do outro. A questão é analisada tendo como premissa a metodologia da fenomenologia transcendental de Edmund Husserl e pressupõe pensar sobre as relações intersubjetivas, e como estas afetam diretamente a vivência e a experiência humana. Esta dissertação centrar-se-á na conceptualização da representação do outro, para perceber quais as formas da sua aceção. Iremos abordar a interpretação do outro quando este corresponde a um outro-conhecido e ao seu oposto, o outro-estranho. De seguida, partimos para a análise das suas diferentes conceções e relações intersubjetivas. Nesse sentido, serão pensadas algumas ideias basilares que nos permitem analisar a relação com o outro; entre elas, a ideia da amizade, a ausência e a falta do outro, ou a sua relação com a morte, o vazio, o afastamento, ou ainda, em termos mais teóricos, a ideia de corporeidade em Husserl, a empatia e o emparelhamento. Ainda no tema da ausência, tentaremos clarificar os conceitos de antecipação e projeção. Daremos um peso complementar ao aprofundamento da ideia de ausência e como ela se relaciona com as correlações entre a subjetividade própria do Ser Humano e os outros. Uma das conclusões que poderemos retirar é a importância que teremos que dar aos estranhos ou desconhecidos. Vimos que experienciamos o nosso mundo de acordo com diferentes critérios e passados. Essa realidade traduz-se diretamente na nossa perceção sobre e perante os outros. Por um lado, existe uma atitude do mundo pré-científico e altamente subjetivo, por outro, temos com a fenomenologia a possibilidade de perceber objetivamente as experiências humanas. O outro como entidade humana, como outro-eu, revelou-se de importância crucial para a nossa subjetividade.
This dissertation seeks to build an understanding of the concept of the other. The issue is analyzed based on Edmund Husserl's transcendental phenomenology methodology and presupposes thinking about intersubjective relationships, and how these directly affect human experience and experience. This dissertation will focus on the conceptualization of the representation of the other, to understand the forms of its meaning. We will address the interpretation of the other when it corresponds to a known-other and its opposite, the strange-other. Then, we go on to analyze their different conceptions and intersubjective relationships. In this sense, some basic ideas that allow us to analyze the relationship with the other will be considered; among them, the idea of friendship, the absence and lack of the other, or its relationship with death, emptiness, estrangement, or even, in more theoretical terms, the idea of corporeality in Husserl, empathy and pairing. Still on the theme of absence, we will try to clarify the concepts of anticipation and projection. We will give a complementary weight to the deepening of the idea of absence and how it relates to the correlations between the Human Being's own subjectivity and others. One of the conclusions we can draw is the importance we will have to give to strangers. We saw that we experience our world according to different criteria and backgrounds. This reality translates directly into our perception of and in front of others. On the one hand, there is an attitude of the pre-scientific and highly subjective world, on the other, we have with phenomenology the possibility of objectively perceiving human experiences. The other as a human entity, as other-me, proved to be of crucial importance for our subjectivity.
This dissertation seeks to build an understanding of the concept of the other. The issue is analyzed based on Edmund Husserl's transcendental phenomenology methodology and presupposes thinking about intersubjective relationships, and how these directly affect human experience and experience. This dissertation will focus on the conceptualization of the representation of the other, to understand the forms of its meaning. We will address the interpretation of the other when it corresponds to a known-other and its opposite, the strange-other. Then, we go on to analyze their different conceptions and intersubjective relationships. In this sense, some basic ideas that allow us to analyze the relationship with the other will be considered; among them, the idea of friendship, the absence and lack of the other, or its relationship with death, emptiness, estrangement, or even, in more theoretical terms, the idea of corporeality in Husserl, empathy and pairing. Still on the theme of absence, we will try to clarify the concepts of anticipation and projection. We will give a complementary weight to the deepening of the idea of absence and how it relates to the correlations between the Human Being's own subjectivity and others. One of the conclusions we can draw is the importance we will have to give to strangers. We saw that we experience our world according to different criteria and backgrounds. This reality translates directly into our perception of and in front of others. On the one hand, there is an attitude of the pre-scientific and highly subjective world, on the other, we have with phenomenology the possibility of objectively perceiving human experiences. The other as a human entity, as other-me, proved to be of crucial importance for our subjectivity.
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Palavras-chave
Fenomenologia Outro Edmund Husserl Subjetividade Phenomenology Other Subjectivity