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A reemergência da China pós-crise econômica de 2008 e a reconfiguração do Sistema Internacional
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Resumo(s)
A reemergência da China no pós-crise econômica de 2008 permitiu à nação obter uma maior capacidade de intervenção no Sistema Internacional. Para analisar essa importante transformação na dinâmica internacional de poder realizou -se um estudo de caso único, de caráter exploratório, sobre as principais ações referentes à política externa chinesa entre os anos de 2008 a 2018. Trabalhou-se com a hipótese de que a reemergência da China e o seu consequente aumento das capacidades de poder (variável independente) implicaram na reconfiguração das características do Sistema Internacional (variável dependente), sendo este o objetivo geral da dissertação. Já como objetivo específico pretendeu-se avaliar o aumento de poder chinês por meio dos principais indicadores da sua política externa – (i) econômico: geração de riquezas (PIB), volume de importações, exportações e investimentos estrangeiros diretos; (ii) político: capacidade diplomática (acordos bilaterais e participações em organizações multilaterais financeiras e criação de novas instituições concorrentes) e (iii) militar: investimento beligerante. Parâmetros que permitiram a China reemergir ao posto de potência hegemônica regional. Dentre os resultados observados verifica-se um deslocamento do poder estatal entre os Estados do Sistema, evidenciado pela redução do poder relativo dos Estados Unidos e pelo aumento do poder relativo da China, nação que em 2018 já concentrava grande parte dos fluxos financeiros e comerciais mundiais, maior participação nas organizações multilaterais financeiras e maior investimento
militar.
The China re-emergence in the post-2008 economic crisis allowed the nation to obtain a greater capacity to intervene in the International System. To analyze this important transformation in the international dynamics of power, a single case study, of an exploratory nature, was carried out on the main actions related to Chinese foreign policy between the years 2008 to 2018. The hypothesis of China's re-emergence and its consequent increase in power capacities (independent variable) implied the reconfiguration of the characteristics of the International System (dependent variable), which is, therefore, also the general objective of this dissertation. As a specific objective, it was intended to evaluate the increase of Chinese power through the main indicators of its foreign policy – (i) economic: wealth generation (GDP), volume of imports, exports and foreign direct investment; (ii) political: diplomatic capacity (bilateral agreements and participation in multilateral financial organizations and creation of new institutions) and (iii) military: belligerent investment. Parameters that allowed China to re-emerge as a regional hegemonic power. Among the results observed, there is a displacement of state power between the States of the System, evidenced by the reduction in the relative power of the United States and the increase in the relative power of China, a nation that, in 2018, already concentrated a large part of the world's financial flows, greater participation in multilateral financial organizations and military investment.
The China re-emergence in the post-2008 economic crisis allowed the nation to obtain a greater capacity to intervene in the International System. To analyze this important transformation in the international dynamics of power, a single case study, of an exploratory nature, was carried out on the main actions related to Chinese foreign policy between the years 2008 to 2018. The hypothesis of China's re-emergence and its consequent increase in power capacities (independent variable) implied the reconfiguration of the characteristics of the International System (dependent variable), which is, therefore, also the general objective of this dissertation. As a specific objective, it was intended to evaluate the increase of Chinese power through the main indicators of its foreign policy – (i) economic: wealth generation (GDP), volume of imports, exports and foreign direct investment; (ii) political: diplomatic capacity (bilateral agreements and participation in multilateral financial organizations and creation of new institutions) and (iii) military: belligerent investment. Parameters that allowed China to re-emerge as a regional hegemonic power. Among the results observed, there is a displacement of state power between the States of the System, evidenced by the reduction in the relative power of the United States and the increase in the relative power of China, a nation that, in 2018, already concentrated a large part of the world's financial flows, greater participation in multilateral financial organizations and military investment.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
China Política Externa Chinesa Hegemonia Transição de Poder Política Externa Poder Foreign Policy Hegemony Power