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Estudo de extração e caracterização da mucilagem dos cladódios Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) e sua aplicação como coadjuvante no tratamento de efluentes
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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo extrair e caracterizar a mucilagem dos cladódios Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) e estudar a sua eficiência na remoção da turvação da água.
Foram usados 5 métodos diferentes para extrair a mucilagem dos cladódios, obtendo 11 tipos de polímeros distintos (P1, P1-E, P2, P3, P3-E, P3-IPA, P4, P4-E, P4-IPA, P5 e P5-E) com rendimentos de extração entre 0,38-8,05 % (p/p). Caracterizaram-se os polímeros extraídos quanto à composição de proteína (87,2-237,3 μg/mg), açúcares neutros (205,6-478,9 μg/mg), ácidos urónicos (10,9-57,4 μg/mg), e cinzas (13,8-25,8%). Analisou-se o P1 por HPLC, tendo detetado a presença de arabinose (0,77%), galactose (1,17%), xilose (0,44%), ramnose (0,21%) e glucose (21,54%).
Realizaram-se testes preliminares de remoção da turvação numa água turva sintética de argila de 5 g/L, aplicando os polímeros numa concentração de 150 mg/L. Os polímeros P3 e P3-E foram os que melhor removeram a turvação da água, assemelhando-se à performance do cloreto férrico (III) (CF), pela divisão clara da interface após o 1º minuto, apresentando uma remoção quase total da turvação inicial após 10 minutos.
Realizaram-se 8 ensaios jar test usando um efluente industrial (64-187 NTU) na ETAR de Alcântara, aplicando os polímeros (10-110 mg/L) e CF (10-30 mg/L). Foram usadas diferentes velocidades de mistura (50, 100, 150 e 200 rpm) e tempos de contacto (2, 5 e 10 minutos). Os melhores rendimentos obtidos foram 89,7%, 88,2% e 85,2% quando aplicados 40 mg/L de P3-E (183 NTU), 25 mg/L de P2 (78 NTU) e 45 mg/L de P2 (84 NTU) em combinação com 15 mg/L de CF, respetivamente.
Neste trabalho, a mucilagem extraída mostrou ser capaz remover a turvação da água, sendo que esta eficiência é melhorada quando aplicada em combinação com o CF, podendo no futuro ser uma alternativa mais sustentável para o tratamento de águas no processo de coagulação-floculação.
The present work aims to extract and characterize the mucilage of the Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) cladodes and study its efficiency in removing turbidity from the water. Five different methods were used to extract mucilage from cladodes, obtaining 11 different types of polymers (P1, P1-E, P2, P3, P3-E, P3-IPA, P4, P4-E, P4-IPA, P5 and P5 -E) with an extraction yields between 0.38-8.05% (p / p). The extracted polymers were characterized for protein composition (87.2-237.3 μg/mg), neutral sugars (205.6-478.9 μg/mg), uronic acids (10.9-57.4 μg/mg), and ash (13.8-25.8%). P1 was analyzed by HPLC and detected the presence of arabinose (0.77%), galactose (1.17%), xylose (0.44%), rhamnose (0.21%) and glucose (21.54 %). Preliminary tests were carried out to remove turbidity in a synthetic turbid clay water of 5 g/L, applying the polymers at a concentration of 150 mg/L. Polymers P3 and P3-E were the ones that best removed turbidity from the water, similarly to the performance of ferric chloride (III) (FC), by the clear division of the interface after the 1st minute, showing an almost complete removal of the initial turbidity after 10 minutes. Eight jar tests were carried out using an industrial effluent (64-187 NTU) at the Alcântara WWTP, applying polymers (10-110 mg/L) and CF (10-30 mg/L). Different mixing speeds (50, 100, 150 and 200 rpm) and contact times (2, 5 and 10 minutes) were used. The best results were 89.7%, 88.2% and 85.2% when applied 40 mg/L of P3-E (183 NTU), 25 mg/L of P2 (78 NTU) and 45 mg/L of P2 (84 NTU) in combination with 15 mg/L CF, respectively. In this work, the extracted mucilage showed to be able to remove turbidity from water, and this efficiency is improved when applied in combination with FC and may in the future be a more sustainable alternative for water treatment in the coagulation-flocculation process.
The present work aims to extract and characterize the mucilage of the Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) cladodes and study its efficiency in removing turbidity from the water. Five different methods were used to extract mucilage from cladodes, obtaining 11 different types of polymers (P1, P1-E, P2, P3, P3-E, P3-IPA, P4, P4-E, P4-IPA, P5 and P5 -E) with an extraction yields between 0.38-8.05% (p / p). The extracted polymers were characterized for protein composition (87.2-237.3 μg/mg), neutral sugars (205.6-478.9 μg/mg), uronic acids (10.9-57.4 μg/mg), and ash (13.8-25.8%). P1 was analyzed by HPLC and detected the presence of arabinose (0.77%), galactose (1.17%), xylose (0.44%), rhamnose (0.21%) and glucose (21.54 %). Preliminary tests were carried out to remove turbidity in a synthetic turbid clay water of 5 g/L, applying the polymers at a concentration of 150 mg/L. Polymers P3 and P3-E were the ones that best removed turbidity from the water, similarly to the performance of ferric chloride (III) (FC), by the clear division of the interface after the 1st minute, showing an almost complete removal of the initial turbidity after 10 minutes. Eight jar tests were carried out using an industrial effluent (64-187 NTU) at the Alcântara WWTP, applying polymers (10-110 mg/L) and CF (10-30 mg/L). Different mixing speeds (50, 100, 150 and 200 rpm) and contact times (2, 5 and 10 minutes) were used. The best results were 89.7%, 88.2% and 85.2% when applied 40 mg/L of P3-E (183 NTU), 25 mg/L of P2 (78 NTU) and 45 mg/L of P2 (84 NTU) in combination with 15 mg/L CF, respectively. In this work, the extracted mucilage showed to be able to remove turbidity from water, and this efficiency is improved when applied in combination with FC and may in the future be a more sustainable alternative for water treatment in the coagulation-flocculation process.
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Palavras-chave
Opuntia ficus-indica coagulação-floculação mucilagem remoção da turvação tratamento de águas jar test