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The Effect of Drying Process on Undervalued Brown and Red Seaweed Species: Biochemical Characterization
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Resumo(s)
The effect of drying on two brown seaweed (Cystoseira abies-marina, Cystoseira humilis)
and two red seaweed species (Asparagopsis armata, Asparagopsis taxiformis), collected from
the Azores Archipelago, was evaluated through the study of their proximate and mineral
composition, relevant biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,
and significant bioactives, namely polyphenols and beta-glucans. Ash and protein content ranged
from 25-56 g/100g dw and 3.5-13.1 g/100g dw, respectively. Sun-dried C. humilis had the highest
moisture decrease. Concerning insoluble dietary fibre content, the genus Cystoseira presented
superior concentrations (43.7-53.6 g/100g dw). Contrarily, the soluble dietary fibre content is
superior in the Asparagopsis genus (8.0-13.2 g/100g dw). For the proximate composition, no
significant differences were detected concerning the drying procedure. Seaweeds from the
Cystoseira genus showed high polyphenol levels (176-678mg GAE/100 g dw), exceeding those
determined in the Asparagopsis genus, regardless of drying process. This was partially reflected
in the antioxidant activity, which showed that extracts from the Cystoseira species were often
more antioxidant than those from Asparagopsis species. The influence of the drying technique
upon the antioxidant activity was limited, since in many instances there was no effect. Concerning
anti-inflammatory activity, in the case of shade-dried samples, C. humilis had a higher activity
(>30% COX-2 inhibition) but was not rendered bioaccessible. Indeed, only A. taxiformis displayed
anti-inflammatory activity in the bioaccessible fraction, leading to bioaccessibility factors in the
90-100% range. Therefore, though bioactivities were higher in the Cystoseira species,
Asparagopsis species also had a positive bioactive potential. Sun-drying produced more negative
effects than shade-drying, despite not being very extensive. Regarding elemental composition,
iodine was present in a considerable amount in the Asparagopsis genus. Iron had high
concentrations in the four species. Regarding contaminants, Cystoseira abies-marina showed
high arsenic concentrations. Iodine, bromine, magnesium, and cadmium showed the highest
bioaccessibility percentages.
Descrição
Some of the results presented in this document were submitted to the
international journal of Phycological Research for publication and are
currently under revision (Annex I).
Palavras-chave
Asparagopsis Cystoseira Bioaccessibility Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory