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Life Cycle Assessment of Raw White, Dyed and Pigmented Acrylic Fibres and Proposals for the Improvement of Environmental Performance
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This master thesis consists on the development of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of raw white (L11), gel-dyed (L25), and pigmented (L28) acrylic fibres. The main goal was to assess the environmental impacts resulting from the production of L11, L25 and L28 fibres, concluding which fibre and which acrylic fibre production stages and activities have the most impact on the environment. Based on the results obtained, suggestions regarding environmental performance improvement are presented.
A cradle-to-gate study was developed, which includes the life cycle stages of raw material production, its transportation to the acrylic fibre plant, and acrylic fibre production, which comprises the stages of: continuous polymerisation (CP), dope preparation (DP), spinning (SP), cut and baling (CB), and solvent recovery (SR). For this study, all data regarding the production of the acrylic fibres was provided by the industrial manufacturer. The product systems were developed in the openLCA software (version 1.10.2) and the impact assessment method was the CML 2001.
It was concluded that the gel-dyed fibre was the one that presented the highest environmental impacts. Continuous polymerisation was the production area which contributed the most to the environmental burdens. In general, acrylonitrile production was the major contributor for the environmental impact categories, followed by steam and dimethylacetamide productions. To make a significant reduction on the impacts, a search for more sustainable sources of acrylonitrile, steam, and dimethylacetamide is proposed in this work. This search would allow the company to move into more sustainable acrylic fibres.
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Life Cycle Assessment cradle-to-gate acrylic fibre environmental performance sustainability