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Entre transgressão e moralidade. Mulheres na Inquisição de Lisboa no Portugal Moderno (Século XVII)
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A presente dissertação de Mestrado estuda um conjunto de processos de mulheres
condenadas por vários delitos pela Inquisição de Lisboa durante o século XVII.
O nosso ponto de partida é essencialmente normativo, atentando nos discursos
concebidos e instituídos cumulativamente através das principais Autoridades médicas,
teológicas e jurídicas, cuja influência remonta à Antiguidade Clássica. Estas eram
eminentemente masculinas estabelecendo e espartilhando os papéis sociais conferidos
às mulheres. A transgressão deste modelo normativo motivaria denúncias que
despoletariam processos focados na obtenção de uma confissão redentora. Se a denúncia
fosse acreditada com base na verosimilhança da acusação; género, qualidade e estatuto
social do denunciante; ausência de inimizades entre outros critérios, a eventual
condenação seria o culminar do processo levado a cabo pelo Tribunal do Santo Ofício.
A jurisdição secular e eclesiástica portuguesa e as suas premissas acerca das mulheres
serão fulcrais para o entendimento do procedimento inquisitorial. A análise sistemática
do Regimento de 1640, fonte de discurso institucional, será fundida com os dados dos
autos processuais objetivando um conhecimento mais profundo e integrado da
Inquisição quer enquanto edifício institucional, quer na realidade das suas práticas
processuais. A análise das listas das mulheres apresentadas nos autos de fé de Lisboa
entre 1662 e 1698 permitir-nos-á estabelecer uma abordagem quantitativa geral do
número de condenadas, assim como dos seus delitos e respetivas penas. Serão
englobadas algumas das características mais pessoais de cada uma das rés, como a
idade, estatuto de sangue, localidade e residência, bem como possíveis laços de
parentesco, partilhados maioritariamente entre cristãs-novas, notadamente apresentadas
no mesmo auto de fé. Consecutivamente, através de uma amostragem selecionada de
processos concernentes a vários delitos: judaísmo, feitiçaria, bigamia, blasfémia e
visões, falso testemunho, fautoria de hereges, estabeleceremos convergências e
divergências, assim como especificidades processuais. Apesar de nas nossas listagens
de autos de fé não se inserirem casos de sodomia entre mulheres, ou sodomia
heterossexual, considerá-los-emos nesta investigação. Compreender este específico
posicionamento inquisitorial, a par da tendência persecutória focada nos casos
masculinos, contribui para uma certa ambivalência historiográfica entre História das
Mulheres e História de Género.
Em suma, a nossa dissertação, com um recorte cronológico centrado no século XVII,
tem como protagonistas mulheres geralmente oriundas de estratos sociais inferiores,
presas e condenadas por diversos crimes pela Inquisição de Lisboa durante o século
XVII. Esperamos que esta dissertação, em que procurámos também uma certa dimensão
comparativa com a atuação do mesmo Tribunal no Brasil, seja um contributo para o
alargamento do conhecimento historiográfico sobre a mulher moderna, tipologia dos
crimes das mulheres alvo de processos inquisitoriais bem como a presença feminina em
trâmites gerais no Tribunal do Santo Ofício.
The present Master's dissertation studies a set of cases involving sentenced women in a diverse crime variety by Lisbon’s Inquisition during the 17th century. Our starting point is essentially normative, established by the main authorities discourse: medical, theological and legal whose influence can be tracked to Classical Antiquity. Those nomenclative and exclusively masculine agents conceived, institutionalized and strictly determined the social roles conferred to women. The transgression of this normative model would motivate denounces. If credited, based in eminent veracity, gender, social quality and status among other criteria, the respective inquiry and condemnation would follow by the hand of the ‘Court of the Holy Office’ also known as ‘Holy Inquisition’. The Portuguese secular and ecclesiastic jurisdiction on women is central to understand the inquisitorial procedure. The 1640 Regiment’s systemic analysis, core source of the institutional discourse, will be merged with the studied cases in order to obtain a wideranging knowledge of the Inquisition both as an institutional entity and as its procedural practices. Lisbon’s inquisitorially documented and condemned women, between 1662 and 1698, coexist in this dissertation, analysed and listed, to reveal the convicts number, crimes and penalties through the auto de fé records. Some of the accused personal characteristics are included: age, blood status, location, residence and kinship ties, frequently shared between new Christians defendants, amidst other facts. Across a selected sample of processes concerning several offenses such as Judaism, witchcraft, bigamy, blasphemy, visions, false testimony and heretics conceal, we highlight convergences and divergences besides procedural specificities. Although inexistent cases of female and heterosexual sodomy in the auto de fé records, illustrative plots were disclosed and assimilated into the investigation. We meant to emphasize this particular inquisitorial position, since the utmost persecutory stroke was focused on male cases, to ignite a relatively unexplored and shared historiographical field between Women and Gender Studies. To summarize, chronologically focused on the 17th century, our dissertation has women as leading protagonists, mostly from a lower and/or marginalised social stratum, arrested and convicted of various crimes by Lisbon’s Holy Inquisition. We hope that this dissertation, in which we also sought a certain comparative dimension with Brazil’s Court performance, figures as a contribution to expand historiographical knowledge about modern age women, alongside with the typology of their inquisitorial targeted crimes, and overall presence in the ‘Court of the Holy Office’.
The present Master's dissertation studies a set of cases involving sentenced women in a diverse crime variety by Lisbon’s Inquisition during the 17th century. Our starting point is essentially normative, established by the main authorities discourse: medical, theological and legal whose influence can be tracked to Classical Antiquity. Those nomenclative and exclusively masculine agents conceived, institutionalized and strictly determined the social roles conferred to women. The transgression of this normative model would motivate denounces. If credited, based in eminent veracity, gender, social quality and status among other criteria, the respective inquiry and condemnation would follow by the hand of the ‘Court of the Holy Office’ also known as ‘Holy Inquisition’. The Portuguese secular and ecclesiastic jurisdiction on women is central to understand the inquisitorial procedure. The 1640 Regiment’s systemic analysis, core source of the institutional discourse, will be merged with the studied cases in order to obtain a wideranging knowledge of the Inquisition both as an institutional entity and as its procedural practices. Lisbon’s inquisitorially documented and condemned women, between 1662 and 1698, coexist in this dissertation, analysed and listed, to reveal the convicts number, crimes and penalties through the auto de fé records. Some of the accused personal characteristics are included: age, blood status, location, residence and kinship ties, frequently shared between new Christians defendants, amidst other facts. Across a selected sample of processes concerning several offenses such as Judaism, witchcraft, bigamy, blasphemy, visions, false testimony and heretics conceal, we highlight convergences and divergences besides procedural specificities. Although inexistent cases of female and heterosexual sodomy in the auto de fé records, illustrative plots were disclosed and assimilated into the investigation. We meant to emphasize this particular inquisitorial position, since the utmost persecutory stroke was focused on male cases, to ignite a relatively unexplored and shared historiographical field between Women and Gender Studies. To summarize, chronologically focused on the 17th century, our dissertation has women as leading protagonists, mostly from a lower and/or marginalised social stratum, arrested and convicted of various crimes by Lisbon’s Holy Inquisition. We hope that this dissertation, in which we also sought a certain comparative dimension with Brazil’s Court performance, figures as a contribution to expand historiographical knowledge about modern age women, alongside with the typology of their inquisitorial targeted crimes, and overall presence in the ‘Court of the Holy Office’.
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Palavras-chave
Tribunal do Santo Ofício de Lisboa Modernidade História de Género História das Mulheres Modernity Court of the Holy Office of Lisbon Women’s History Gender Studies