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Estudo dos culicídeos (Diptera: Culicidae) nos cemitérios das ilhas da Madeira e Porto Santo.
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O estudo bioecológico dos culicídeos é de grande importância, pois deste modo, é possível detectar a presença de várias espécies de mosquitos vectores de agentes patogénicos para o Homem
e outros animais. Além disso, os culicídeos podem ser considerados factor de incomodidade para as populações humanas, devido às reacções alérgicas provocadas pelas suas picadas e pela dor
causada.
De Janeiro a Agosto de 2009 foram examinadas 415 armadilhas de oviposição e foram
prospectados 700 recipientes artificiais nos 52 cemitérios das ilhas da Madeira e do Porto Santo.
Das 415 armadilhas de oviposição examinadas, 148 (35,7%) continham formas imaturas, e, apesar dos cemitérios serem considerados as principais fontes de certas espécies de mosquitos, apenas
foram detectados 45 (6,4%) criadouros larvares nos 700 recipientes artificiais com água investigados.
Foram identificadas 4 espécies de mosquitos: Aedes (Finlaya) eatoni (Edwards, 1916), Culiseta (Allotheobaldia) longiareolata (Macquart, 1838), Culex (Culex) pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) e Culex (Culex) theileri (Theobald, 1903).
Verificou-se a predominância de Aedes eatoni em relação às outras espécies. A distribuição dos mosquitos variou com a altitude e com a temperatura do ar, encontrando-se em maior abundância nos 200-300 metros e entre os 22-26ºC.
Os recipientes de metal (2=156,9; p=0,00<0,05) e aqueles com capacidade até 0,5 litros (2=9,925; p=0,0019<0,05) foram os preferidos pelas formas imaturas. No entanto, os imaturos não
mostraram preferência em relação à exposição solar dos recipientes (2=0,799; p=0,671).
Em relação à qualidade da água dos criadouros, verificou-se que a temperatura da água (t=-1,39; p=0,16) e o teor em oxigénio dissolvido (z=-1,21; p=0,23) não tiveram qualquer influência na presença dos imaturos, mas tiveram-no o pH (z=-2,12; p=0,03<0,05) e a salinidade (z=-3,089; p=0,002<0,05) que influenciaram a sua presença tendo os respectivos valores variado entre 6-8 e 0,1-1,7 g/L, respectivamente.
Verificou-se a existência de uma associação larvar entre Culiseta longiareolata e Culex pipiens (2=32,05; p=0,00<0,05) e entre Culex pipiens e Culex theileri (2=118,71; p=0,00<0,05).
O mosquito Aedes aegypti não foi encontrado durante o período de estudo que ocorreu de Janeiro a Agosto de 2009. No entanto, foi detectado nos cemitérios de Câmara de Lobos e do Caniço no decorrer de duas campanhas, nas quais a autora participou, nos meses de Outubro e Novembro do mesmo ano.
The bio-ecological study of mosquitoes is of major importance because it may detect the presence of several species of mosquitoes, vectors of pathogens to humans and other animals. In addition, mosquitoes can be considered a nuisance factor for human populations due to allergic reactions caused by their bites and the pain caused by them. From January to August 2009, 415 oviposition traps were examined and 700 artificial containers were prospected in the 52 cemeteries of the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo. Of the 415 examined oviposition traps, 148 (35.7%) contained immature and despite the cemeteries are considered the main sources of certain species of mosquitoes, there were only 45 (6.4%) larval breeding sites in the 700 artificial containers with water investigated. Four species of mosquitoes have been identified: Aedes (Finlaya) eatoni (Edwards, 1916), Culiseta (Allotheobaldia) longiareolata (Macquart, 1838), Culex (Culex) pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) and Culex (Culex) theileri (Theobald, 1903). There was a prevalence of Aedes eatoni in relation to other species. The distribution of mosquitoes diverge with altitude and air temperature and are more abundant in the 200 - 300 meters and between 22 - 26ºC. The metal containers (2=156.9, p=0.00<0.05) and those with capacity up to 0.5 liters (2=9.925, p=0.0019 <0.05) were the preferred of the immature. However, the immature showed no preference in relation to sun exposure of the containers (2=0.799, p=0.671). In relation to the water quality of breeding sites,it was found that the water temperature (t=-1.39; p=0.16) and the dissolved oxygen co ntent (z=-1.21; p=0.23) had no influence in the presence of immatures, but did pH (z=-2.12; p=0.03<0.05) and salinity (z=- 3.089; p=0.002<0.05) that influenced their presence and their values varied between 6-8 and 0.1-1.7 g/L, respectively. There was a larval association between Culiseta longiareolata and Culex pipiens (2 =32.05, p=0.00<0.05) and between Culex pipiens and Culex theileri ( 2 =118.71, p=0.00<0.05). The mosquito Aedes aegypti was not found during the study period that occurred from January to August 2009. However, it was detected in the cemeteries of Câmara de Lobos and Caniço during two campaigns, in which the author participated, in the months of October and November of the same year.
The bio-ecological study of mosquitoes is of major importance because it may detect the presence of several species of mosquitoes, vectors of pathogens to humans and other animals. In addition, mosquitoes can be considered a nuisance factor for human populations due to allergic reactions caused by their bites and the pain caused by them. From January to August 2009, 415 oviposition traps were examined and 700 artificial containers were prospected in the 52 cemeteries of the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo. Of the 415 examined oviposition traps, 148 (35.7%) contained immature and despite the cemeteries are considered the main sources of certain species of mosquitoes, there were only 45 (6.4%) larval breeding sites in the 700 artificial containers with water investigated. Four species of mosquitoes have been identified: Aedes (Finlaya) eatoni (Edwards, 1916), Culiseta (Allotheobaldia) longiareolata (Macquart, 1838), Culex (Culex) pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) and Culex (Culex) theileri (Theobald, 1903). There was a prevalence of Aedes eatoni in relation to other species. The distribution of mosquitoes diverge with altitude and air temperature and are more abundant in the 200 - 300 meters and between 22 - 26ºC. The metal containers (2=156.9, p=0.00<0.05) and those with capacity up to 0.5 liters (2=9.925, p=0.0019 <0.05) were the preferred of the immature. However, the immature showed no preference in relation to sun exposure of the containers (2=0.799, p=0.671). In relation to the water quality of breeding sites,it was found that the water temperature (t=-1.39; p=0.16) and the dissolved oxygen co ntent (z=-1.21; p=0.23) had no influence in the presence of immatures, but did pH (z=-2.12; p=0.03<0.05) and salinity (z=- 3.089; p=0.002<0.05) that influenced their presence and their values varied between 6-8 and 0.1-1.7 g/L, respectively. There was a larval association between Culiseta longiareolata and Culex pipiens (2 =32.05, p=0.00<0.05) and between Culex pipiens and Culex theileri ( 2 =118.71, p=0.00<0.05). The mosquito Aedes aegypti was not found during the study period that occurred from January to August 2009. However, it was detected in the cemeteries of Câmara de Lobos and Caniço during two campaigns, in which the author participated, in the months of October and November of the same year.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parasitologia médica Entomologia médica Vectores Culicideos Cemitérios Madeira Porto Santo
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical