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Desigualdades sociais no consumo alimentar : um estudo transversal em adultos portugueses
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Resumo - Introdução: A alimentação desempenha um importante papel na prevenção de
determinadas doenças crónicas não transmissíveis. A nível mundial, verificam-se
desigualdades sociais a nível do consumo alimentar, com possíveis consequências em
termos de desigualdades sociais na doença e esperança de vida. O presente trabalho
teve como objetivo analisar a existência de desigualdades sociais no consumo alimentar
em Portugal.
Metodologia: Seguindo um desenho de estudo observacional transversal retrospetivo,
foram analisados dados de 11085 indivíduos, com idades compreendidas entre os 25 e
os 64 anos, participantes do Inquérito Nacional de Saúde 2014. Foram aplicados
modelos de regressão logística para medir a associação entre as variáveis
socioeconómicas, nomeadamente educação e rendimento, e o consumo alimentar.
Resultados: Os resultados mostram que são aqueles com maior rendimento e maior
educação que possuem maior probabilidade de consumir peixe, sopa, laticínios, sumos
naturais, vegetais e fruta- alimentos associados a uma alimentação mais saudável- mas
também bolos, chocolates e sobremesas e fast-food. Pelo contrário, os indivíduos com
menor rendimento e menor nível de educação possuem maior probabilidade de
consumir leguminosas, pão e refrigerantes com ou sem gás.
Conclusão: Estes resultados indicam a necessidade de políticas que, além de
incentivarem uma alimentação saudável em geral, foquem em particular as populações
mais vulneráveis, no sentido de limitar as desigualdades sociais na alimentação.
Abstract - Background: Diet plays an important role in the prevention of certain chronic noncommunicable diseases. Globally, there are social inequalities in food consumption, with possible consequences in terms of social inequalities in disease and life expectancy. The present study aimed to analyze the existence of social inequalities in food consumption in Portugal. Methods: Following a cross-sectional retrospective observational study, data were analyzed from 11085 individuals aged 25-64 years, participants of the National Health Survey 2014. Logistic regression models were used to measure the association between socioeconomic variables, namely education and income, and food consumption. Results: The results shows that those with higher income and education are more likely to consume fish, soup, dairy products, natural juices, vegetables and fruit-foods associated with a healthier diet - but also cakes, chocolates, desserts and fast food . On the contrary, those with lower income and lower education are more likely to consume legumes, bread and soft drinks with or without gas. Conclusion: These results indicate the need for policies that, in addition to encouraging healthy eating in general, focus particularly on the most vulnerable populations, in order to limit social inequalities in food.
Abstract - Background: Diet plays an important role in the prevention of certain chronic noncommunicable diseases. Globally, there are social inequalities in food consumption, with possible consequences in terms of social inequalities in disease and life expectancy. The present study aimed to analyze the existence of social inequalities in food consumption in Portugal. Methods: Following a cross-sectional retrospective observational study, data were analyzed from 11085 individuals aged 25-64 years, participants of the National Health Survey 2014. Logistic regression models were used to measure the association between socioeconomic variables, namely education and income, and food consumption. Results: The results shows that those with higher income and education are more likely to consume fish, soup, dairy products, natural juices, vegetables and fruit-foods associated with a healthier diet - but also cakes, chocolates, desserts and fast food . On the contrary, those with lower income and lower education are more likely to consume legumes, bread and soft drinks with or without gas. Conclusion: These results indicate the need for policies that, in addition to encouraging healthy eating in general, focus particularly on the most vulnerable populations, in order to limit social inequalities in food.
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Dieta Estatuto socioeconómico Portugal Adultos Desigualdades Diet Socioeconomic status Portugal Adults Inequalities