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As relações entre Portugal e Espanha e o seu impacto na identidade da política externa portuguesa
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Esta dissertação procurou compreender de que forma o relacionamento entre Portugal e Espanha
– enquanto Estados - influencou a identidade da política externa portuguesa. A dinâmica relacional
foi analisada tanto num contexto bilateral e multilateral, desde a tomada de posse do I Governo
Constitucional português – em 1976 - até ao ano de 2018. Para o efeito, foram tidas em conta
quatro dimensões, sendo que a principal se centrou na análise político-diplomática, mas também
nas variáveis económica, social e cultural. Só através de uma abordagem holística - isto é –
entender este relacionamento como um todo - foi possível expor as reflexões que ajudaram a
compreender o objeto em estudo.
Neste contexto, a teoria das Relações Internacionais escolhida para suportar esta investigação foi
o construtivismo, já que esta procura perceber as bases que sustentam a tomada de decisão dos
atores, como o seu sistema de convições, as conceções de identidade, a existência de símbolos,
mitos e perceções próprias e partilhadas. Além disto, para esta abordagem teórica, a identidade
assume um papel relevante, na medida em que é utilizada para compreender a política externa dos
Estados, o que se enquadra diretamente no objeto em análise.
Para analisar e explicar a dinâmica relacional entre os dois Estados ibéricos foi necessário, à priori,
fazer uma contextualização histórica e temporal dos principais eixos da política externa portuguesa
ao longo do período de análise proposto. Através desta exposição foi possível compreender melhor
a evolução dos acontecimentos e perceber os passos que foram dados pelos decisores políticos
portugueses e, que, por consequência, deixaram uma marca na identidade da política externa
portuguesa.
This dissertation sought to understand how the relationship between Portugal and Spain – as states – influenced the identity of portugueses foreign policy. The relational dynamics were analyzed both in a bilateral and multilateral context, from the inauguration of the first Portuguese constitucional government – since 1976 until 2018. To this end, four dimensions were considered, the main one being the political-diplomatic analysis, but also in the economic, social and cultural variables. Only through a holistic approach - that is, understanding this relationship as a whole – it was possible to expose the reflections that helped to understand the object under study. In this context, the theory of International Relations chosen to support this research was constructivism, as it seeks to understand the foundations that underpin the decision making of actors, such as their conviction system, identity conceptions, the existence of symbols, own and shared myths and perceptions. Moreover, for this theoretical approach, identity assumes a relevant role, as it is used to understand the foreign policy of states, which fits directly into the object under analysis. To analyze and explain the relational dynamics between the two Iberian states, it was necessary to make a historical and temporal contextualization of the main axes of Portuguese foreign policy over the proposed period of analysis. Through this exhibition it was possible to better understand the steps that were taken by Portuguese policy makers and, as a result, left a mark on the identity of Portuguese foreign policy. Following this framework – what has characterized Portuguese foreign policy over the past fortytwo years – the attention has focused on the object of study that concerns the understanding of how the relationship between the Iberian states influenced the identity dynamics of Portuguese foreign policy. After a contextualization of this relationship, we started with an empirical analysis, where we collected and studied the news artifacts that involved the two states during the period under study – between 1976 and 2018. In addiction to the meeting and visits between the political elites of Portugal and Spain, opinion articles and other news that fit into the other dimensions under study – economic, cultural and social – were also considered in order to bring a complete analysis of the evolution of the dynamics of this relationship. It was fundamentally understood that the simultaneous entry of the two countries to the European Economic Community (CEE) marked their relationship forever, not only in a bilateral but also in a multilateral framework. Since then, and although there are some disputes and moments that reflect some fear of the “spanish invasion”, significant steps have been taken to bring the two states closer together. In such a way that Spain, from traditional enemy has become a fundamental ally and friend for Portugal.
This dissertation sought to understand how the relationship between Portugal and Spain – as states – influenced the identity of portugueses foreign policy. The relational dynamics were analyzed both in a bilateral and multilateral context, from the inauguration of the first Portuguese constitucional government – since 1976 until 2018. To this end, four dimensions were considered, the main one being the political-diplomatic analysis, but also in the economic, social and cultural variables. Only through a holistic approach - that is, understanding this relationship as a whole – it was possible to expose the reflections that helped to understand the object under study. In this context, the theory of International Relations chosen to support this research was constructivism, as it seeks to understand the foundations that underpin the decision making of actors, such as their conviction system, identity conceptions, the existence of symbols, own and shared myths and perceptions. Moreover, for this theoretical approach, identity assumes a relevant role, as it is used to understand the foreign policy of states, which fits directly into the object under analysis. To analyze and explain the relational dynamics between the two Iberian states, it was necessary to make a historical and temporal contextualization of the main axes of Portuguese foreign policy over the proposed period of analysis. Through this exhibition it was possible to better understand the steps that were taken by Portuguese policy makers and, as a result, left a mark on the identity of Portuguese foreign policy. Following this framework – what has characterized Portuguese foreign policy over the past fortytwo years – the attention has focused on the object of study that concerns the understanding of how the relationship between the Iberian states influenced the identity dynamics of Portuguese foreign policy. After a contextualization of this relationship, we started with an empirical analysis, where we collected and studied the news artifacts that involved the two states during the period under study – between 1976 and 2018. In addiction to the meeting and visits between the political elites of Portugal and Spain, opinion articles and other news that fit into the other dimensions under study – economic, cultural and social – were also considered in order to bring a complete analysis of the evolution of the dynamics of this relationship. It was fundamentally understood that the simultaneous entry of the two countries to the European Economic Community (CEE) marked their relationship forever, not only in a bilateral but also in a multilateral framework. Since then, and although there are some disputes and moments that reflect some fear of the “spanish invasion”, significant steps have been taken to bring the two states closer together. In such a way that Spain, from traditional enemy has become a fundamental ally and friend for Portugal.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Portugal Espanha Política externa portuguesa Spain Portuguese Foreign Policy Constructivism Identity