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Utopia and Resignation: Case Studies of Science Fiction in the Portuguese Society during the Estado Novo
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Esta dissertação foca-se no estado da literatura de ficção científica em Portugal durante o Estado Novo e o seu efeito na sociedade. Para tal, começa por abordar o estado geral do país nessa altura e os ideais do seu governo, com foco nos pilares principais do Estado Novo e o seu plano para a sociedade portuguesa. Em seguida, tenta explicar como ocorreu a propagação da ficção científica no país, e como este tipo de conteúdo literário poderia, por um lado, enriquecer os conhecimentos de uma população que era, na altura, uma das mais culturalmente deficientes da Europa, e por outro lado, como poderia ser usado para imaginar um futuro ideal, uma utopia. Por conseguinte, há necessidade de estudar a utopia e a sua significação para definir o futuro, bem como o papel da ficção científica como forma de aprendizagem. Também se torna relevante haver uma definição concreta do que se considera o conhecimento público da ciência. De forma a desenvolver estes temas, esta dissertação centra-se em seguida na análise de duas obras literárias, A.D. 2230, de Amílcar de Mascarenhas, que irá demonstrar como este tipo de literatura podia ser usado para fins propagandísticos, e O Aquário, de Alice Sampaio, que irá demonstrar a face mais crítica da ficção científica, e como, ao analisar e escrever sobre um potencial futuro distante, é possível criticar e ponderar sobre o presente. Estas duas obras também refletem duas noções muito diferentes de utopia, pelo que a conclusão apresenta as considerações finais sobre os verdadeiros efeitos da literatura de ficção científica numa sociedade tão afectada pela censura.
This dissertation aims to explore the state of science fiction literature in Portugal during Estado Novo and its potential effect on society. For that, it starts by giving a general overview of the country at the time and its government, referring to the main tenets of Estado Novo and its plan for the Portuguese society. Afterwards, it attempts to explain how the spread of science fiction occurred in the country, and how the content of this type of literature could, on the one hand, enrich the knowledge of a population that was, at the time, one of the most culturally deficient in Europe, and on the other, how it could also be used to imagine a future where everything was ideal, a utopia. Thus, there is a need to define the significance of utopia and its meaning in defining the future, as well as the role of science fiction as a tool for learning. Through this, an understanding of what entails a public understanding of science must also be determined. To achieve this, the theorical basis is complemented by the analysis of two books, A.D. 2230 by Amílcar de Mascarenhas, which will show how this type of literature could be used for propaganda purposes, and O Aquário, by Alice Sampaio, that will show the more critical facet of science fiction, and how, by analysing and writing about a potential distant future, we can very well criticize and ponder about our present. These two books also reflect two very distinct notions of utopia, setting the stage for the conclusion to present some final remarks about the actual effects of science fiction literature in a society so affected by censorship.
This dissertation aims to explore the state of science fiction literature in Portugal during Estado Novo and its potential effect on society. For that, it starts by giving a general overview of the country at the time and its government, referring to the main tenets of Estado Novo and its plan for the Portuguese society. Afterwards, it attempts to explain how the spread of science fiction occurred in the country, and how the content of this type of literature could, on the one hand, enrich the knowledge of a population that was, at the time, one of the most culturally deficient in Europe, and on the other, how it could also be used to imagine a future where everything was ideal, a utopia. Thus, there is a need to define the significance of utopia and its meaning in defining the future, as well as the role of science fiction as a tool for learning. Through this, an understanding of what entails a public understanding of science must also be determined. To achieve this, the theorical basis is complemented by the analysis of two books, A.D. 2230 by Amílcar de Mascarenhas, which will show how this type of literature could be used for propaganda purposes, and O Aquário, by Alice Sampaio, that will show the more critical facet of science fiction, and how, by analysing and writing about a potential distant future, we can very well criticize and ponder about our present. These two books also reflect two very distinct notions of utopia, setting the stage for the conclusion to present some final remarks about the actual effects of science fiction literature in a society so affected by censorship.
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Estado Novo Ficção científica Ideologia Sociedade Utopia Estado Novo Ideology Science fiction Society Utopia