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Resumo(s)
The biodiversity loss and climate change crises are deeply interlinked. Improving the representation of biodiversity in integrated assessment models (IAMs) is key to bridging climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation policy. Reviewing 38 studies (2006–2025) that have incorporated biodiversity into IAMs, we identify two different paradigms. On one hand, the use of biodiversity indicators dominates the literature, using spatially explicit models that post-process IAM results and focus on habitat loss and climate change impacts globally. These studies assess how different socio-economic scenarios impact biodiversity. On the other hand, scarcer literature examines how climate-driven biodiversity loss affects human well-being. These studies use damage functions to endogenize how ecosystem service degradation affects the economy on a global scale. From this analysis, we propose that these two approaches should reconcile, by better representing biodiversity-to-economy feedbacks, or by using spatial data and biodiversity indicators. Overall, all IAMs should also improve the representation of freshwater and marine ecosystems. We provide methodological approaches for bidirectional ecosystem-economy integration. Enhancing biodiversity representation in IAMs will enable more comprehensive policy scenarios for both biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, while providing a more realistic representation on limits and co-benefits for climate policy.
Descrição
Publisher Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Palavras-chave
biodiversity climate change mitigation ecosystem services IAMs modeling review Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment General Environmental Science Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy SDG 13 - Climate Action SDG 14 - Life Below Water SDG 15 - Life on Land