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A infirmação da força probatória da confissão extrajudicial escrita e dirigida à parte contrária
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A confissão é frequentemente tida como a rainha das provas (regina probationum), já que, ao materializar um reconhecimento voluntário, pelo confitente, de um facto que lhe é desfavorável, concorre com particular intensidade para a presunção de veracidade desse mesmo facto. Contudo, este meio de prova, sobretudo na modalidade da confissão extrajudicial, escrita e dirigida à parte contrária, continua a suscitar profundas controvérsias na doutrina e jurisprudência portuguesas, no respeitante ao seu valor probatório, às formas admissíveis de o ilidir e, também, aos meios de prova que podem ser convocados para este efeito. No presente trabalho, partimos do caso sociologicamente típico de declaração, por parte do credor, em sede de escritura pública de compra e venda (ou partilha) outorgada com o devedor, de que já recebeu deste o preço (ou as tornas), sem que tal corresponda à verdade, para encetar uma tentativa de resposta fundamentada às diversas questões de direito probatório material que incidem sobre esta modalidade de confissão, procurando devolver alguma certeza e segurança jurídicas aos intervenientes negociais.
Confession is often regarded as the queen of evidence (regina probationum), since, by materialising a voluntary acknowledgement by the confessor of a fact that is unfavourable to him, it contributes with particular intensity to the presumption of truth of that same fact. However, this means of evidence, especially in the form of extrajudicial confession, written and addressed to the opposing party, continues to raise profound controversies in Portuguese doctrine and jurisprudence, with regard to the classification of its probative value, the admissible forms of rebutting it, and also the means of evidence that may be called upon for this purpose. In this paper, we depart from the sociologically typical case of a statement by the creditor, in a public deed of purchase and sale (or partition) granted with the debtor, that he has already received the price (or the equalisation payments) from the latter, when it is not true, in order to attempt to provide a reasoned response to the various questions of substantive evidentiary law that arise in relation to this form of confession, seeking to restore some legal certainty and security to the parties involved in these transactions.
Confession is often regarded as the queen of evidence (regina probationum), since, by materialising a voluntary acknowledgement by the confessor of a fact that is unfavourable to him, it contributes with particular intensity to the presumption of truth of that same fact. However, this means of evidence, especially in the form of extrajudicial confession, written and addressed to the opposing party, continues to raise profound controversies in Portuguese doctrine and jurisprudence, with regard to the classification of its probative value, the admissible forms of rebutting it, and also the means of evidence that may be called upon for this purpose. In this paper, we depart from the sociologically typical case of a statement by the creditor, in a public deed of purchase and sale (or partition) granted with the debtor, that he has already received the price (or the equalisation payments) from the latter, when it is not true, in order to attempt to provide a reasoned response to the various questions of substantive evidentiary law that arise in relation to this form of confession, seeking to restore some legal certainty and security to the parties involved in these transactions.
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Código Civil prova confissão prova documental prova testemunhal Civil Code evidence confession documentary evidence witness testimony