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Políticas Urbanas e Resiliência Hídrica: Estratégias para a Gestão das Águas Urbanas em Cidades Modernas
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As cidades modernas enfrentam o desafio crescente de lidar com as cheias urbanas,
agravadas tanto pela expansão urbana desordenada como pelos efeitos das alterações climáticas. A cidade de Lisboa é um exemplo claro dessa vulnerabilidade, marcada por episódios
recorrentes de inundações em diferentes períodos da sua história. Este problema é simultaneamente técnico e político e não diz apenas respeito à engenharia. Se trata de uma combinação entre três fatores: a decisão entre quais territórios proteger e consequentemente quem
tem acesso a infraestruturas seguras; de forma mais recente, as alterações climáticas e a localização geográfica, já que Lisboa se encontra na costa atlântica de Portugal, região com um
maior risco de vulnerabilidade.
O presente trabalho analisa como as políticas urbanas podem contribuir para a resiliência hídrica, compreendida como a capacidade de adaptação e recuperação das cidades perante eventos extremos. A pesquisa articula três eixos principais: (i) infraestrutura hídrica e
urbanismo, (ii) políticas públicas e governança e (iii) participação comunitária e justiça ambiental. Metodologicamente, baseia-se numa análise qualitativa de documentos estratégicos e
técnicos, complementada pelo estudo de caso de Lisboa, cidade que tem investido em soluções inovadoras, como o Plano Geral de Drenagem 2016–2030, que combina infraestruturas cinza e soluções baseadas na natureza.
Os resultados evidenciam avanços importantes, como a redução do risco em áreas cen-
trais e a mobilização de recursos técnicos e financeiros de grande escala. Contudo, revelam
também limitações: concentração de investimentos em zonas mais valorizadas, escassa integração das soluções verdes em larga escala e participação comunitária ainda incipiente. A
comparação com outras cidades, como Medellín e Roterdão, mostra que a resiliência hídrica
não deve ser avaliada apenas pelo desempenho técnico, mas também pela capacidade de
promover justiça territorial e ampliar a cidadania.
Conclui-se que a construção de cidades resilientes depende de uma visão integrada, em
que a gestão da água não é apenas uma questão de contenção física, mas parte de um projeto
urbano mais justo, sustentável e inclusivo.
Modern cities face the growing challenge of dealing with urban flooding, worsened both by unplanned urban expansion and the effects of climate change. The city of Lisbon is a clear example of this vulnerability, marked by recurring flood events throughout different periods of its history. This problem is both technical and political, and it is not solely a matter of engineering. It involves a combination of three factors: the decision over which territories to protect and, consequently, who gains access to safe infrastructure; more recently, the impact of climate change; and geographical location, since Lisbon lies on Portugal’s Atlantic coast, a region with higher vulnerability risk. This dissertation examines how urban policies can contribute to water resilience, understood as the ability of cities to adapt to and recover from extreme events. The research is structured around three main axes: (i) water infrastructure and urban planning, (ii) public policies and governance, and (iii) community participation and environmental justice. Methodologically, it adopts a qualitative approach based on the analysis of strategic and technical documents, complemented by a case study of Lisbon, which has recently invested in innovative strategies such as the 2016–2030 General Drainage Plan, integrating both gray infrastructure and nature-based solutions. The findings highlight significant progress, such as the reduction of risks in central areas and the mobilization of large-scale technical and financial resources. However, they also reveal limitations: concentration of investments in economically valued areas, limited large-scale adoption of green solutions, and insufficient community participation. Comparisons with other cities, such as Medellín and Rotterdam, show that water resilience should not be measured solely by technical performance, but also by the ability to foster territorial justice and expand citizenship. It is concluded that building resilient cities requires an integrated vision in which water management is not merely a matter of physical containment, but a fundamental element of a more just, sustainable, and inclusive urban project.
Modern cities face the growing challenge of dealing with urban flooding, worsened both by unplanned urban expansion and the effects of climate change. The city of Lisbon is a clear example of this vulnerability, marked by recurring flood events throughout different periods of its history. This problem is both technical and political, and it is not solely a matter of engineering. It involves a combination of three factors: the decision over which territories to protect and, consequently, who gains access to safe infrastructure; more recently, the impact of climate change; and geographical location, since Lisbon lies on Portugal’s Atlantic coast, a region with higher vulnerability risk. This dissertation examines how urban policies can contribute to water resilience, understood as the ability of cities to adapt to and recover from extreme events. The research is structured around three main axes: (i) water infrastructure and urban planning, (ii) public policies and governance, and (iii) community participation and environmental justice. Methodologically, it adopts a qualitative approach based on the analysis of strategic and technical documents, complemented by a case study of Lisbon, which has recently invested in innovative strategies such as the 2016–2030 General Drainage Plan, integrating both gray infrastructure and nature-based solutions. The findings highlight significant progress, such as the reduction of risks in central areas and the mobilization of large-scale technical and financial resources. However, they also reveal limitations: concentration of investments in economically valued areas, limited large-scale adoption of green solutions, and insufficient community participation. Comparisons with other cities, such as Medellín and Rotterdam, show that water resilience should not be measured solely by technical performance, but also by the ability to foster territorial justice and expand citizenship. It is concluded that building resilient cities requires an integrated vision in which water management is not merely a matter of physical containment, but a fundamental element of a more just, sustainable, and inclusive urban project.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Políticas Urbana Resiliência Hídrica Soluções Baseadas na Natureza