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Kremlin, Grupo Wagner e as Ambições Geopolíticas Russas: da Crimeia a Bakhmut 2014-2023
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O presente trabalho tem como eixo analítico central a investigação das dinâmicas institucionais, dos mecanismos de poder e das relações de influência que se estabelecem entre duas esferas estruturais distintas — o domínio estatal e o domínio privado — representadas, respetivamente, pela Federação Russa e por uma Empresa Militar Privada. A análise desenvolve-se, assim, em torno da interação e interdependência entre dois atores fundamentais: o Estado russo, personificado na figura de Vladimir Putin, e o Grupo Wagner, associado a Yevgeny Prigozhin. O estudo das dinâmicas apoia-se no ecletismo analítico, articulando três abordagens das Relações Internacionais: o Realismo Clássico que permite compreender a parceria ancorada nos interesses materiais e na luta pelo poder; o Neopatrimonialismo que evidencia as práticas de patronagem e a troca de favores em função de ambições individuais; e o Construtivismo que explica os conflitos gerados por divergências ideológicas, de narrativas e crenças. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa combina um estudo longitudinal, orientado à análise diacrónica de mudanças e continuidades com interpretação discursiva, possibilitando compreender como a relação híbrida entre o Kremlin e o Grupo Wagner influenciam a formulação e execução da Política Externa Russa e a projeção de poder do Estado no Sistema Internacional Contemporâneo. Através desta abordagem, procura-se demonstrar que a dinâmicas observadas não se mantiveram constantes nem de intensidade uniforme. As interações entre as duas estruturas — e, em particular, entre os dois atores — manifestaram-se como uma alternância complexa de parceria, cooperação, disputa de interesses e conflito aberto. O desenho metodológico, aliado à diversidade de fontes primárias e à literatura especializada, reflete a complexidade do objeto de estudo e evidencia os desafios práticos e analíticos inerentes à pesquisa sobre a Federação Russa.
This study focuses on the institutional dynamics, power mechanisms, and influence relations established between two distinct structural spheres—the state domain and the private domain—represented, respectively, by the Russian Federation and a Private Military Company. The analysis thus revolves around the interaction and interdependence between two key actors: the Russian state, embodied in the figure of Vladimir Putin, and the Wagner Group, associated with Yevgeny Prigozhin. The examination of these dynamics is grounded in analytical eclecticism, combining three approaches from International Relations: Classical Realism, which helps understand the partnership anchored in material interests and the struggle for power; Neopatrimonialism, which highlights practices of patronage and the exchange of favors driven by individual ambitions; and Constructivism, which explains conflicts arising from ideological divergences, narratives, and beliefs. Methodologically, the research combines a longitudinal study, oriented toward the diachronic examination of changes and continuities, with discourse interpretation, enabling an understanding of how the hybrid relationship between the Kremlin and the Wagner Group influences the formulation and implementation of Russian foreign policy and the projection of state power in the contemporary international system. Through this approach, the study aims to demonstrate that the observed dynamics were neither constant nor uniformly intense. Interactions between the two structures—and, in particular, between the two actors—manifested as a complex alternation of partnership, cooperation, competition for interests, and open conflict. The methodological design, combined with the diversity of primary sources and specialized literature, reflects the complexity of the research object and highlights the practical and analytical challenges inherent in the study of the Russian Federation.
This study focuses on the institutional dynamics, power mechanisms, and influence relations established between two distinct structural spheres—the state domain and the private domain—represented, respectively, by the Russian Federation and a Private Military Company. The analysis thus revolves around the interaction and interdependence between two key actors: the Russian state, embodied in the figure of Vladimir Putin, and the Wagner Group, associated with Yevgeny Prigozhin. The examination of these dynamics is grounded in analytical eclecticism, combining three approaches from International Relations: Classical Realism, which helps understand the partnership anchored in material interests and the struggle for power; Neopatrimonialism, which highlights practices of patronage and the exchange of favors driven by individual ambitions; and Constructivism, which explains conflicts arising from ideological divergences, narratives, and beliefs. Methodologically, the research combines a longitudinal study, oriented toward the diachronic examination of changes and continuities, with discourse interpretation, enabling an understanding of how the hybrid relationship between the Kremlin and the Wagner Group influences the formulation and implementation of Russian foreign policy and the projection of state power in the contemporary international system. Through this approach, the study aims to demonstrate that the observed dynamics were neither constant nor uniformly intense. Interactions between the two structures—and, in particular, between the two actors—manifested as a complex alternation of partnership, cooperation, competition for interests, and open conflict. The methodological design, combined with the diversity of primary sources and specialized literature, reflects the complexity of the research object and highlights the practical and analytical challenges inherent in the study of the Russian Federation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Grupo Wagner Vladimir Putin Teorias das Relações Internacionais Empresas Militares Privadas Política Externa Theories of International Relations Private Military Companies