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Estudo da incorporação de reciclados de PP, PE, PVC e CaCO3 em polímeros de SEBS e PVC
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Este estudo explora a incorporação de cinco tipos de materiais reciclados em
formulações po-liméricas, utilizando duas abordagens. Para o polipropileno (PP) e
o polietileno (PE) reciclados, as resi-nas virgens foram completamente
substituídas, alcançando 7,93% e 2,36% de conteúdo reciclado, res-petivamente.
Adicionalmente, a substituição do carbonato de cálcio (CaCO₃) por CaCO₃
reciclado re-sultou em 34,33% e 14,22% de conteúdo reciclado para as
formulações de PP e PE, respetivamente. A abordagem para o cloreto de polivinilo
(PVC) reciclado variou, tendo sido incorporados dois reciclados de PVC de
diferentes fontes nomeados pelo fornecedor de PVC GNR e FT, com 80 e 90 de
dureza na escala Shore A, respetivamente. Começou-se por incorporar 20%, 30% e
50% de PVC GNR reciclado na formulação número 3, seguida de modificações
adicionais que envolveram a remoção do CaCO₃ na formulação com 50% reciclado.
Para testar outras duas formulações incorporaram-se PVC FT a 20 e 30%. No total
foram produzidas e analisadas dezassete formulações. Os ensaios da qualidade de
cada fórmula incluíram: resistência à abrasão, dureza, hidrofobicidade, ensaios de
tração, que forneceram dados sobre alongamento e força máxima, densidade,
índice de fluidez (MFI), espectroscopia de infra-vermelho por transformada de
Fourier (FTIR) e a análise às propriedades reológicas. Os resultados indicaram que
as integrações que apresentaram menores variações relativamente aos padrões
dese-jados foram, no caso das formulações com PP e PE quando apenas se
substituiu a resina virgem e no caso das fórmulas com PVC ao colocar 50% de
reciclado removendo o CaCO3 da fórmula. As análises reológicas realizadas não
apresentaram sinais evidentes de degradação comprovado pela estabilidade do
torque ao longo do tempo de ensaio.
Esta investigação destaca o papel crítico da seleção de materiais reciclados
adequados para otimizar o desempenho de compósitos poliméricos.
This study explores the incorporation of five types of recycled materials into polymeric formu-lations, using two approaches. For recycled polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), virgin resins were completely replaced, achieving 7.93% and 2.36% recycled content, respectively. Additionally, re-placing calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) with recycled CaCO₃ resulted in 34.33% and 14.22% recycled con-tent for PP and PE formulations, respectively. The approach to recycled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) varied, incorporating two PVC recyclates from different sources named by the PVC supplier GNR and FT, with 80 and 90 hardness on the Shore A scale, respectively. We started by incorporating 20%, 30% and 50% recycled GNR PVC in formulation number 3, followed by additional modifications involving the removal of CaCO₃ in the formulation with 50% recycled. To test the other two formulations, FT PVC was incor-porated at 20 and 30 per cent. A total of seventeen formulations were produced and analysed. The quality tests for each formula included: abrasion resistance, hardness, hydrophobicity, tensile tests, which provided data on elongation and maximum strength, density, fluidity index (MFI), Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and an analysis of the rheological properties. The results showed that the integrations with the smallest variations in relation to the desired standards were, in the case of the PP and PE formulations, when only the virgin resin was replaced and in the case of the PVC formulations, when 50 per cent recyclate was added, removing the CaCO3 from the formulation. The rheological analyses carried out showed no obvious signs of degradation, as evidenced by the stability of the torque over the test time. This research highlights the critical role of selecting suitable recycled materials to optimise the performance of polymer composites.
This study explores the incorporation of five types of recycled materials into polymeric formu-lations, using two approaches. For recycled polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), virgin resins were completely replaced, achieving 7.93% and 2.36% recycled content, respectively. Additionally, re-placing calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) with recycled CaCO₃ resulted in 34.33% and 14.22% recycled con-tent for PP and PE formulations, respectively. The approach to recycled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) varied, incorporating two PVC recyclates from different sources named by the PVC supplier GNR and FT, with 80 and 90 hardness on the Shore A scale, respectively. We started by incorporating 20%, 30% and 50% recycled GNR PVC in formulation number 3, followed by additional modifications involving the removal of CaCO₃ in the formulation with 50% recycled. To test the other two formulations, FT PVC was incor-porated at 20 and 30 per cent. A total of seventeen formulations were produced and analysed. The quality tests for each formula included: abrasion resistance, hardness, hydrophobicity, tensile tests, which provided data on elongation and maximum strength, density, fluidity index (MFI), Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and an analysis of the rheological properties. The results showed that the integrations with the smallest variations in relation to the desired standards were, in the case of the PP and PE formulations, when only the virgin resin was replaced and in the case of the PVC formulations, when 50 per cent recyclate was added, removing the CaCO3 from the formulation. The rheological analyses carried out showed no obvious signs of degradation, as evidenced by the stability of the torque over the test time. This research highlights the critical role of selecting suitable recycled materials to optimise the performance of polymer composites.
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Materiais reciclados Sustentabilidade Polipropileno Polietileno Cloreto de polivinilo Carbonato de cálcio