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Desporto, Soft Power e o Catar: Uma Análise Crítica
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O investimento avultado do Catar no setor do desporto e, principalmente, a organização de megaeventos desportivos como, por exemplo, o Mundial de Futebol da Federação Internacional de Futebol, têm permitido ao país captar a atenção global e projetarse, adquirindo, consequentemente, uma posição internacional relevante. Neste contexto, o desporto surge como um dos principais instrumentos da estratégia de soft power, promovendo ainda a valorização da sua imagem internacional. O caso do Catar revela-se relevante na medida que se trata de um microestado que, em contraste com grandes potências como a China e a Rússia, tem vindo a conseguir instrumentalizar o desporto como um instrumento de soft power para se afirmar como um hub global de influência política, económica e cultural.
No entanto, esta estratégia apresenta vulnerabilidades e contradições. A utilização do desporto como uma forma de projeção internacional tem sido associada à prática do fenómeno de sportswashing, i.e., à tentativa de melhorar a imagem internacional através do desporto, reduzindo críticas relacionadas com políticas internas como, por exemplo, no âmbito dos direitos humanos, práticas laborais precárias e discriminação de minorias. Desta forma, a análise ao caso do Catar permite a compreensão dos impactos positivos do desporto enquanto instrumento de soft power, assim como permite compreender as fragilidades que surgem quando este instrumento é utilizado por regimes que enfrentam desafios de visibilidade internacional.
Qatar’s massive investment in the sports sector, and particularly in hosting of megaevents such as the World Cup organized by the International Federation of Association Football, has enabled the country to attract global attention, thereby acquiring a more relevant international position. In this light, sport emerges as one of the main instruments of Qatar’s soft power strategy, further promoting enhancement of its international image. The Qatari case is relevant given that it is a microstate which, in contrast to major powers such as China and Russia, has been able to use sport as an instrument of soft power to establish itself as a global hub of political, economic, and cultural influence. Nevertheless, this strategy has its vulnerabilities and contradictions. The use of sport to gain international projection has been associated with the phenomenon of sportswashing, i.e., the attempt to improve international image through sport, reducing criticism related to its domestic policies such as human rights, precarious labor practicer, and discrimination against minorities. Thus, analyzing the Qatari case allows us to understand the positive impacts of sport as an instrument of soft power, as well as the weaknesses that arise when this instrument is used by regimes facing challenges of international presence.
Qatar’s massive investment in the sports sector, and particularly in hosting of megaevents such as the World Cup organized by the International Federation of Association Football, has enabled the country to attract global attention, thereby acquiring a more relevant international position. In this light, sport emerges as one of the main instruments of Qatar’s soft power strategy, further promoting enhancement of its international image. The Qatari case is relevant given that it is a microstate which, in contrast to major powers such as China and Russia, has been able to use sport as an instrument of soft power to establish itself as a global hub of political, economic, and cultural influence. Nevertheless, this strategy has its vulnerabilities and contradictions. The use of sport to gain international projection has been associated with the phenomenon of sportswashing, i.e., the attempt to improve international image through sport, reducing criticism related to its domestic policies such as human rights, precarious labor practicer, and discrimination against minorities. Thus, analyzing the Qatari case allows us to understand the positive impacts of sport as an instrument of soft power, as well as the weaknesses that arise when this instrument is used by regimes facing challenges of international presence.
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Catar Desporto Futebol Soft power Sportswashing Qatar Sports Football