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Securitização da Política Migratória na Europa entre 2015 e 2022: Um Estudo de Caso da Grécia
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Este relatório é o produto de uma investigação paralela ao estágio realizado na Embaixada de Portugal na Grécia, desenvolvida de modo simultâneo e, em diversas instâncias, dotada de pontos de convergência com o trabalho efetuado nessa Missão Diplomática. Trata, assim, a resposta europeia à crise migratória de 2015 a 2022, que viu chegar às suas fronteiras externas centenas de milhares de requerentes de asilo. Através do estudo de caso da Grécia, analisam-se as particularidades da resposta grega, um país da linha da frente nesta crise, e de que modo estas decorreram da (falta de) resposta europeia como um todo. Dessa forma, começa-se por caracterizar a crise migratória no intervalo definido, avançando para a abordagem europeia a este estímulo e terminando com a singularidade da resposta grega. Conclui-se que a política grega, amplamente criticada e alegadamente desprovida de um sentimento humanitário, face à crise migratória deriva da perceção de um elevado grau de ameaça advinda do aumento dos fluxos migratórios nas suas fronteiras, em larga medida acentuado pela falta de uma abordagem comum europeia que assegurasse ao Estado grego uma resposta unida e solidária, que cimentou a securitização desta política.
This report is the product of the research conducted in parallel to the internship conducted at the Portuguese Embassy in Greece, developed simultaneously and, in several instances, endowed with points of convergence with the work carried out at that Diplomatic Mission. It deals with the European response to the migration crisis from 2015 to 2022, which saw hundreds of thousands of asylum seekers arrive at its external borders. Through the case study of Greece, I analyze the particularities of the Greek response, a frontline country in this crisis, and how they stemmed from the European response (or lack thereof) as a whole. In this way, I begin by characterizing the migration crisis in the defined interval, moving on to the European approach to this stimulus and ending with the singularities of the Greek response. I conclude that the Greek policy, widely criticized and allegedly devoid of a humanitarian framework, towards the migration crisis stems from the perception of a high degree of threat arising from the increased migration flows at its borders. This was also largely accentuated by the lack of a common European approach that would ensure the Greek state a united and supportive response, which assured the securitization of the Greek policy.
This report is the product of the research conducted in parallel to the internship conducted at the Portuguese Embassy in Greece, developed simultaneously and, in several instances, endowed with points of convergence with the work carried out at that Diplomatic Mission. It deals with the European response to the migration crisis from 2015 to 2022, which saw hundreds of thousands of asylum seekers arrive at its external borders. Through the case study of Greece, I analyze the particularities of the Greek response, a frontline country in this crisis, and how they stemmed from the European response (or lack thereof) as a whole. In this way, I begin by characterizing the migration crisis in the defined interval, moving on to the European approach to this stimulus and ending with the singularities of the Greek response. I conclude that the Greek policy, widely criticized and allegedly devoid of a humanitarian framework, towards the migration crisis stems from the perception of a high degree of threat arising from the increased migration flows at its borders. This was also largely accentuated by the lack of a common European approach that would ensure the Greek state a united and supportive response, which assured the securitization of the Greek policy.
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Securitização Crise migratória União Europeia Grécia Refugiados Securitization Migration crisis European Union Greece Refugees