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A segurança nacional da Federação Russa: o papel da securitização do conflito russo-ucraniano
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No dia 24 de fevereiro de 2022, o Presidente Vladimir Putin anunciou que decidiu lançar uma “operação militar especial” (OME) para “desmilitarizar e desnazificar” a Ucrânia, o que constituiu uma violação grosseira da soberania e da integridade territorial desse Estado. A beligerância russa na Ucrânia foi essencialmente motivada pela questão da adesão da Ucrânia à NATO, e pelo conflito armado na região do Donbass. Neste sentido, as negociações de paz para pôr fim à guerra na Ucrânia, deverão acomodar os legítimos interesses de segurança das partes beligerantes. Esta investigação teve como principal objetivo analisar a forma como o processo de securitização do conflito russo-ucraniano – que foi realizado pelos membros do Conselho de Segurança da Federação Russa (CSFR) entre 2014 e 2023 – contribuiu para a proteção da segurança nacional da Rússia. Para a recolha de dados recorreu-se a instrumentos metodológicos qualitativos como a análise documental e a pesquisa bibliográfica, enquanto para o tratamento da informação foi utilizada a análise de discurso (AD). De um modo geral, foi possível concluir que a securitização do conflito russo-ucraniano contribuiu para a salvaguarda da segurança nacional da Federação Russa – i.e., a proteção dos interesses nacionais russos. Especificamente, através da apresentação de várias ameaças (reais ou percebidas) que põem em risco a existência da Federação Russa, o CSFR conseguiu convencer as audiências-alvo (e.g., Assembleia Federal da Federação Russa) a aprovar a implementação de medidas extraordinárias (e.g., OME na Ucrânia) que visam salvaguardar os interesses nacionais russos – em particular os interesses vitais de segurança.
On February 24, 2022, President Vladimir Putin announced that he had decided to launch a “special military operation” (SMO) to “demilitarize and denazify” Ukraine, which constituted a gross violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of that state. Russian belligerence in Ukraine was essentially motivated by the question of Ukraine's accession to NATO, and by the armed conflict in the Donbass region. In this regard, peace negotiations to end the war in Ukraine must accommodate the legitimate security interests of the belligerent parties. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze how the process of securitization of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict – which was carried out by the members of the Security Council of the Russian Federation (SCRF) between 2014 and 2023 – contributed to the protection of Russia's national security. For data collection, qualitative methodological instruments were used, such as document analysis and bibliographical research, while discourse analysis (DA) was used for data processing. In general, it was possible to conclude that the securitization of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict contributed to safeguarding the national security of the Russian Federation – i.e., the protection of Russian national interests. Specifically, by presenting various threats (real or perceived) that jeopardize the existence of the Russian Federation, the SCRF managed to convince target audiences (e.g., Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation) to approve the implementation of extraordinary measures (e.g., SMO in Ukraine) that aim to safeguard Russian national interests – in particular vital security interests.
On February 24, 2022, President Vladimir Putin announced that he had decided to launch a “special military operation” (SMO) to “demilitarize and denazify” Ukraine, which constituted a gross violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of that state. Russian belligerence in Ukraine was essentially motivated by the question of Ukraine's accession to NATO, and by the armed conflict in the Donbass region. In this regard, peace negotiations to end the war in Ukraine must accommodate the legitimate security interests of the belligerent parties. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze how the process of securitization of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict – which was carried out by the members of the Security Council of the Russian Federation (SCRF) between 2014 and 2023 – contributed to the protection of Russia's national security. For data collection, qualitative methodological instruments were used, such as document analysis and bibliographical research, while discourse analysis (DA) was used for data processing. In general, it was possible to conclude that the securitization of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict contributed to safeguarding the national security of the Russian Federation – i.e., the protection of Russian national interests. Specifically, by presenting various threats (real or perceived) that jeopardize the existence of the Russian Federation, the SCRF managed to convince target audiences (e.g., Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation) to approve the implementation of extraordinary measures (e.g., SMO in Ukraine) that aim to safeguard Russian national interests – in particular vital security interests.
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Conflito russo-ucraniano Segurança Securitização Complexos Regionais de Segurança Interesses nacionais da Federação Russa Russian-Ukrainian Conflict Security Securitization Regional Security Complexes National interests of the Russian Federation