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A publicidade das arbitragens com a administração pública
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A arbitragem, instituto tradicionalmente de direito privado, tem se consolidado como meio eficaz de solução de controvérsias com a Administração Pública. No entanto, a crescente adoção desse mecanismo no Brasil, atualmente amplamente admitido e reconhecido, impõe a adequação do instituto ao regime jurídico-administrativo, com a observância do princípio da publicidade. Nesse contexto, verifica-se um cenário de pluralismo jurídico e incertezas, que comprometem a consagração desse princípio, em especial sob dois enfoques: a quem incumbe o dever de publicidade (competência) e qual a sua extensão (forma e conteúdo). Para analisar essas questões, utilizou-se uma metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, baseada em análise doutrinária, normativa e jurisprudencial, bem como estudos de casos práticos. As descobertas revelaram uma inobservância generalizada do princípio na prática, com uma tentativa de transferir responsabilidade pela divulgação e predominância de uma publicidade passiva e restritiva. Diante desse quadro, a pesquisa conclui que a solução para a problemática exige uma intervenção normativa que enderece os dois desafios centrais e ofereça padronização para o pluralismo existente. Propõe-se, assim, uma alteração à Lei nº 9.307/1996 para esclarecer que o dever de publicidade incumbe à Administração Pública, responsável pela divulgação ativa e ampla das informações. A proposta visa ampliar o controle social e a legitimidade democrática do instituto, fortalecendo a arbitragem no Brasil e servindo de modelo para outras jurisdições.
Arbitration, an institution traditionally rooted in private law, has established itself as an effective means of resolving disputes involving the Public Administration. However, the growing adoption of this mechanism in Brazil, now widely accepted and recognized, necessitates the adaptation of the institution to the administrative legal regime, particularly with the observance of the principle of publicity. In this context, a scenario of legal pluralism and uncertainties has emerged, compromising the effective implementation of this principle, especially concerning two key aspects: who is responsible for the duty of publicity (competence) and what its scope is (form and content). To address these issues, a qualitative research methodology was used, based on doctrinal, normative, and jurisprudential analysis, as well as practical case studies. The findings revealed a widespread non-observance of the principle in practice, characterized by a transfer of responsibility for disclosure and a predominance of passive and restrictive publicity. Given this situation, the research concludes that a solution requires a normative intervention that addresses both central challenges and offers standardization for the existing pluralism. The dissertation, therefore, proposes an amendment to Law No. 9,307/1996 to clarify that the duty of publicity falls to the Public Administration, which is responsible for the active and broad disclosure of information. The proposal aims to enhance social control and the democratic legitimacy of the institution, strengthening arbitration in Brazil and serving as a model for other jurisdictions.
Arbitration, an institution traditionally rooted in private law, has established itself as an effective means of resolving disputes involving the Public Administration. However, the growing adoption of this mechanism in Brazil, now widely accepted and recognized, necessitates the adaptation of the institution to the administrative legal regime, particularly with the observance of the principle of publicity. In this context, a scenario of legal pluralism and uncertainties has emerged, compromising the effective implementation of this principle, especially concerning two key aspects: who is responsible for the duty of publicity (competence) and what its scope is (form and content). To address these issues, a qualitative research methodology was used, based on doctrinal, normative, and jurisprudential analysis, as well as practical case studies. The findings revealed a widespread non-observance of the principle in practice, characterized by a transfer of responsibility for disclosure and a predominance of passive and restrictive publicity. Given this situation, the research concludes that a solution requires a normative intervention that addresses both central challenges and offers standardization for the existing pluralism. The dissertation, therefore, proposes an amendment to Law No. 9,307/1996 to clarify that the duty of publicity falls to the Public Administration, which is responsible for the active and broad disclosure of information. The proposal aims to enhance social control and the democratic legitimacy of the institution, strengthening arbitration in Brazil and serving as a model for other jurisdictions.
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Palavras-chave
Arbitragem Administrativa Princípio da Publicidade Pluralismo Jurídico Administração Pública Controle Social Administrative Arbitration Principle of Publicity Legal Pluralism Public Administration Social Control