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A arbitragem, enquanto forma de justiƧa privada, tem-se afirmado como um mecanismo eficaz, cĆ©lere e confidencial para a resolução de conflitos. Contudo, a crescente digitalização coloca novos desafios e oportunidades ao tribunal arbitral, particularmente no que respeita Ć integração de ferramentas digitais e, mais recentemente, Ć utilização da inteligĆŖncia artificial nos procedimentos arbitrais. O estudo analisa a viabilidade tĆ©cnica e jurĆdica da inteligĆŖncia artificial na arbitragem, considerando nĆ£o apenas a sua utilização como instrumento auxiliar, em funƧƵes complementares ou de assistĆŖncia Ć atuação dos Ć”rbitros, mas tambĆ©m a eventual substituição do Ć”rbitro humano por sistemas de decisĆ£o automatizados, Ć luz dos princĆpios estruturantes da arbitragem voluntĆ”ria e dos limites impostos pela Lei da Arbitragem VoluntĆ”ria.
Neste contexto, a escolha pelas partes por um Ć”rbitro de inteligĆŖncia artificial para decidir os seus litĆgios suscita questƵes de admissibilidade, exigindo uma interpretação rigorosa do artigo 9.Āŗ da Lei da Arbitragem VoluntĆ”ria, de modo a avaliar se a inteligĆŖncia artificial pode, Ć luz do ordenamento jurĆdico portuguĆŖs, substituir a atuação de um Ć”rbitro humano, sem comprometer a validade da decisĆ£o arbitral e dos princĆpios fundamentais da função jurisdicional.
A reflexão incide ainda sobre a atribuição de responsabilidade civil pelos atos, decisões ou consequências decorrentes da utilização destes sistemas, analisando se esta deve recair sobre os Ôrbitros que os utilizam ou sobre os programadores que os desenvolvem e
implementam.
Arbitration, as a form of private justice, has established itself as an effective, swift, and confidential mechanism for conflict resolution. However, the growing complexity of disputes and technological advances pose new challenges and opportunities for arbitration institutions, particularly regarding the integration of digital tools and, more recently, the use of artificial intelligence in arbitration proceedings. The study analyzes the technical and legal feasibility of artificial intelligence in arbitration, considering not only its use as an auxiliary tool, in complementary or assistant functions to the arbitrators, but also the possible replacement of human arbitrators by automated decision-making systems, considering the structuring principles of voluntary arbitration and the limits imposed by Voluntary Arbitration Law. In this context, the parties' choice of an artificial intelligence arbitrator to decide their disputes raises questions of admissibility, requiring a strict interpretation of Article 9 of the Voluntary Arbitration Law in order to assess whether artificial intelligence can, in light of the Portuguese legal system, replace the role of a human arbitrator without compromising the validity of the arbitral award and the fundamental principles of the judicial function. The reflection also focuses on the attribution of civil liability for acts, decisions, or consequences arising from the use of these systems, analyzing whether this should fall on the referees who use them or on the programmers who develop and implement them.
Arbitration, as a form of private justice, has established itself as an effective, swift, and confidential mechanism for conflict resolution. However, the growing complexity of disputes and technological advances pose new challenges and opportunities for arbitration institutions, particularly regarding the integration of digital tools and, more recently, the use of artificial intelligence in arbitration proceedings. The study analyzes the technical and legal feasibility of artificial intelligence in arbitration, considering not only its use as an auxiliary tool, in complementary or assistant functions to the arbitrators, but also the possible replacement of human arbitrators by automated decision-making systems, considering the structuring principles of voluntary arbitration and the limits imposed by Voluntary Arbitration Law. In this context, the parties' choice of an artificial intelligence arbitrator to decide their disputes raises questions of admissibility, requiring a strict interpretation of Article 9 of the Voluntary Arbitration Law in order to assess whether artificial intelligence can, in light of the Portuguese legal system, replace the role of a human arbitrator without compromising the validity of the arbitral award and the fundamental principles of the judicial function. The reflection also focuses on the attribution of civil liability for acts, decisions, or consequences arising from the use of these systems, analyzing whether this should fall on the referees who use them or on the programmers who develop and implement them.
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Arbitragem Ćrbitro-robĆ“ Substituição DecisĆ£o Automatizada InteligĆŖncia Artificial Lei da Arbitragem VoluntĆ”ria Arbitration Robot Arbitrators Substitution Automated Decision Artificial Intelligence Voluntary Arbitration Law
