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Bioestabilização de argamassas de terra com excremento de bovino – Comportamento higrotérmico e face à água
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A construção sustentável requer materiais locais, de baixo impacto ambiental e econo-
micamente acessíveis. No entanto, equilibrar a durabilidade e a sustentabilidade das argamas-
sas de terra para aplicações em contacto com água, continua a ser um desafio técnico e cientí-
fico. A exploração de técnicas de bioestabilização utilizando excremento de bovino, um re-
curso natural e abundante em muitas partes do mundo, surge como uma solução vernácula e,
ao mesmo tempo, inovadora e desafiadora que requer comprovação científica para a sua via-
bilidade técnica.
A presente dissertação tem como foco principal a avaliação de argamassas feitas com
dois tipos de terra portuguesas, estabilizadas com diferentes tipos, preparações e proporções
de excremento de bovino, no que diz respeito ao comportamento higrotérmico e face à água,
com consequências no que toca ao conforto no interior e à sua durabilidade. Para tal foram
realizados ensaios de condutibilidade térmica, absorção de água por capilaridade, secagem e
resistência à erosão por gotejamento.
Os resultados mostraram que este tipo de bioestabilização melhora vários aspetos, no-
meadamente a resistência à erosão por gotejamento, onde se verificou uma redução de perda
de massa, comparativamente com a argamassa de referência, de até 72,40%. No que diz res-
peito ao comportamento higrotérmico, as argamassas bioestabilizadas mantiveram níveis ade-
quados de condutibilidade térmica, tendo reduzido cerca de 43% o valor da condutibilidade
térmica relativamente à argamassa de referência, no caso das argamassas CAP, por exemplo.
Este estudo reforça o potencial de aplicação dos materiais naturais e adições microbi-
ológicas em construções ecológicas, promovendo a valorização de recursos locais e contribu-
indo para a redução do impacto ambiental da indústria da construção, em detrimento de ma-
teriais convencionais, obtidos por processos bastante poluentes.
Sustainable construction requires local materials, with low environmental impact and economically affordable. However, balancing the durability and sustainability of earth mor- tars for applications with contact with water remains a technical and scientific challenge. The development of biostabilization techniques using bovine excrement, a natural and abundant resource in many parts of the world, appears as a vernacular and, at the same time, innovative and challenging solution that requires scientific validation for its technical feasibility. This dissertation has as its main focus the evaluation of the behavior of mortars made with two types of Portuguese earth, stabilized with different types, preparations and propor- tions of bovine excrement, with regard to water and hygrothermal behavior, with conse- quences regarding interior comfort and durability. To this end, thermal conductivity, water absorption by capillary action, drying and resistance to erosion by dripping were carried out. The results showed that this type of biostabilization improves several aspects, namely resistance to drip erosion, where there was a reduction in mass loss, compared to the reference mortar, of up to 72.40%. With regard to hygrothermal behavior, biostabilized mortars main- tained adequate levels of thermal conductivity, having reduced the value of thermal conduc- tivity by around 43% compared to the reference mortar, in the case of CAP mortars, for exam- ple. This study reinforces the potential for the application of natural materials and microbi- ological additions in ecological constructions, promoting the valorization of local resources and contributing to the reduction of the environmental impact of the construction industry, to the detriment of conventional materials, obtained through very polluting processes.
Sustainable construction requires local materials, with low environmental impact and economically affordable. However, balancing the durability and sustainability of earth mor- tars for applications with contact with water remains a technical and scientific challenge. The development of biostabilization techniques using bovine excrement, a natural and abundant resource in many parts of the world, appears as a vernacular and, at the same time, innovative and challenging solution that requires scientific validation for its technical feasibility. This dissertation has as its main focus the evaluation of the behavior of mortars made with two types of Portuguese earth, stabilized with different types, preparations and propor- tions of bovine excrement, with regard to water and hygrothermal behavior, with conse- quences regarding interior comfort and durability. To this end, thermal conductivity, water absorption by capillary action, drying and resistance to erosion by dripping were carried out. The results showed that this type of biostabilization improves several aspects, namely resistance to drip erosion, where there was a reduction in mass loss, compared to the reference mortar, of up to 72.40%. With regard to hygrothermal behavior, biostabilized mortars main- tained adequate levels of thermal conductivity, having reduced the value of thermal conduc- tivity by around 43% compared to the reference mortar, in the case of CAP mortars, for exam- ple. This study reinforces the potential for the application of natural materials and microbi- ological additions in ecological constructions, promoting the valorization of local resources and contributing to the reduction of the environmental impact of the construction industry, to the detriment of conventional materials, obtained through very polluting processes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sustentabilidade construção com terra reboco adição microbiológica durabilidade