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Determinants of AI collaborations, patents, and investments: a gravity equation approach towards policy recommendations for human development
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This work investigates the determinants of AI-related collaborations, patents, and investments
using a gravity equation approach, addressing critical gaps in understanding the development
phase of AI. Analyzing panel data spanning 2013-2022 across 176 countries, the findings reveal
that economic size, geographic proximity, and development levels significantly influence AI
activity. While developed countries dominate across all observation metrics in absolute
numbers, developing regions show notable growth in research collaborations. Targeted policy
interventions are proposed to bridge disparities, strengthen knowledge creation, and foster
inclusive AI ecosystems. The results emphasize the strategic importance of the development
phase in achieving equitable human development outcomes.
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Artificial Intelligence AI Determinants Gravity equation Inclusive development Global governance Policy