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Perfil lipídico e mineral de pescado de aquacultura biofortificado com macroalgas vermelhas e castanhas
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A aquacultura constitui um setor estratégico para a segurança alimentar, mas enfrenta desafios relacionados com a sustentabilidade e o valor nutricional das rações. A biofortificação de pescado com macroalgas constitui uma alternativa promissora, dado o seu potencial para fornecer compostos bioativos e nutrientes essenciais, incluindo macro e micronutrientes, como ácidos gordos polinsaturados, em particular do tipo ómega-3. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação das dietas com Laminaria digitata (pó e extrato) e com Asparagopsis taxiformis (pó), em diferentes percentagens de inclusão, sobre a composição química aproximada, o perfil lipídico e o perfil mineral de duas espécies de elevado interesse comercial: a dourada (Sparus aurata) e o sargo (Diplodus sargus). As análises revelaram que a inclusão de macroalgas não comprometeu os teores de ácidos gordos EPA + DHA nos filetes de pescado, manteve os índices de risco cardiovascular (IA e IT) em valores adequados e preservou a deposição de minerais essenciais, ainda que com diferenças específicas entre espécies. Em relação ao sargo, a dourada apresentou teores superiores de potássio e magnésio, e teores inferiores de manganês e cobre. No sargo, a inclusão de 1,5% de A. taxiformis mostrou-se a mais favorável, ao passo que na dourada não se observaram diferenças marcantes entre extrato e pó, sendo este último uma alternativa economicamente interessante. Em síntese, a biofortificação com macroalgas mostrou-se uma estratégia inovadora, conciliando a utilização de ingredientes sustentáveis na formulação de rações, com a manutenção da qualidade nutricional do pescado. Estes resultados reforçam o potencial das macroalgas como ingredientes funcionais promissores na tecnologia alimentar e produção animal, contribuindo para a valorização nutricional do pescado e para a sustentabilidade do setor da aquacultura.
Aquaculture is a strategic sector for food security but faces challenges related to the sustainability and nutritional value of feeds. The biofortification of fish with macroalgae represents a promising alternative, given their potential to provide bioactive compounds and essential nutrients, including macro- and micronutrients as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-3. In this study, the effect of dietary supplementation with Laminaria digitata (powder and extract) and Asparagopsis taxiformis (powder), at different inclusion levels, was evaluated on the proximate composition, lipid profile, and mineral profile of two commercially important species: gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and white seabream (Diplodus sargus). The analyses revealed that macroalgae inclusion did not compromise the EPA + DHA contents in fish fillets, maintained cardiovascular risk indices (IA and IT) within adequate values, and preserved the deposition of essential minerals, albeit with species-specific differences. Compared with white seabream, gilthead seabream exhibited higher levels of potassium and magnesium, and lower levels of manganese and copper. In white seabream, the inclusion of 1.5% A. taxiformis proved to be the most favorable, while in gilthead seabream no marked differences were observed between extract and powder, with the latter being a more economically attractive option. In summary, biofortification with macroalgae proved to be an innovative strategy, combining the use of sustainable ingredients in feed formulation with the maintenance of fish nutritional quality. These findings reinforce the potential of macroalgae as promising functional ingredients in food technology and animal production, contributing to the nutritional enhancement of fish and to the sustainability of the aquaculture sector.
Aquaculture is a strategic sector for food security but faces challenges related to the sustainability and nutritional value of feeds. The biofortification of fish with macroalgae represents a promising alternative, given their potential to provide bioactive compounds and essential nutrients, including macro- and micronutrients as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-3. In this study, the effect of dietary supplementation with Laminaria digitata (powder and extract) and Asparagopsis taxiformis (powder), at different inclusion levels, was evaluated on the proximate composition, lipid profile, and mineral profile of two commercially important species: gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and white seabream (Diplodus sargus). The analyses revealed that macroalgae inclusion did not compromise the EPA + DHA contents in fish fillets, maintained cardiovascular risk indices (IA and IT) within adequate values, and preserved the deposition of essential minerals, albeit with species-specific differences. Compared with white seabream, gilthead seabream exhibited higher levels of potassium and magnesium, and lower levels of manganese and copper. In white seabream, the inclusion of 1.5% A. taxiformis proved to be the most favorable, while in gilthead seabream no marked differences were observed between extract and powder, with the latter being a more economically attractive option. In summary, biofortification with macroalgae proved to be an innovative strategy, combining the use of sustainable ingredients in feed formulation with the maintenance of fish nutritional quality. These findings reinforce the potential of macroalgae as promising functional ingredients in food technology and animal production, contributing to the nutritional enhancement of fish and to the sustainability of the aquaculture sector.
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Aquacultura Biofortificação Asparagopsis taxiformis Laminaria digitata Perfil lipídico Perfil mineral