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A presença de resíduos de pesticidas em solos consiste num problema cada vez mais preocu-
pante devido à utilização excessiva, persistência e toxicidade dos pesticidas. Esta questão levanta preo-
cupações ambientais e toxicológicas, devido à ausência de informação suficiente na legislação europeia
referente a limites máximos permitidos por lei. O propósito deste trabalho corresponde ao desenvolvi-
mento e validação de um método analítico, analisado por cromatografia líquida acoplado com espectro-
metria de massa em tandem (LC-MS/MS), capaz de detetar e quantificar resíduos de pesticidas presentes
em solos. Neste contexto, dado que o solo consiste numa matriz complexa, procedeu-se à extração de
resíduos de pesticidas através do método de QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and
Safe), visto que corresponde a uma solução sustentável e mais rápida quando comparado aos métodos
convencionais. O método foi validado para os pesticidas azoxistrobina, difenoconazole e famoxadona,
seguindo os critérios de aceitação reportados no guia SANTE/11312/2021 para a linearidade, gama de
trabalho, repetibilidade, precisão intermédia e exatidão. O método apresenta boa linearidade (R2 >
0,995), abrangendo uma gama de trabalho de 5 ppb a 100 ppb, com uma elevada especificidade e sele-
tividade em identificar os três resíduos de pesticidas em estudo, que apresentam um limite de deteção
(LD) próximo de 0,003 mg/kg. No caso do limite de quantificação (LQ), o azoxistrobina apresenta um
valor equivalente ao limite máximo residual (LMR), isto é, 0,01 mg/kg. Contrariamente, o difenoco-
nazole e o famoxadona, apresentam um LQ de 0,007 mg/kg e 0,008 mg/kg, respetivamente. As matrizes
avaliadas apresentaram recuperação entre 90% e 105%, com CV entre 4,78% e 8,20%, em condições
de repetibilidade, e 7,62% e 11,95%, em condições de precisão intermédia e uma incerteza inferior a
50%. Assim, todos os critérios cumprem os requisitos, confirmando aplicabilidade do método na deteção
de resíduos de pesticidas em solos.
The presence of pesticide residues in soil is an increasingly worrying matter due to the excessive use, persistence and toxicity of pesticides. This issue raises environmental and toxicological concerns due to the lack of sufficient information in European legislation regarding maximum authorized limits. The purpose of this work is to develop and validate an analytical method, using liquid chromatography couple with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), capable of detecting and quantifying these resi- dues. Given that soil is a complex matrix, pesticide residues were extracted using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method, as it proved to be a more sustainable and faster alternative when compared to conventional methods. The method was validated for the pesticides azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, and famoxadone, following the acceptance criteria reported in SANTE/11312/2021 for linearity, working range, repeatability, intermediate precision and accuracy. The method shows good linearity (R2 > 0,995), covering a working range from 5 ppb to 100 ppb, with high specificity and selectivity in identifying the three pesticide residues under study, which present a limit od detection (LOD) close to 0,003 mg/kg. In the case of limit of quantification (LOQ), azoxystrobin has a value equivalent to the maximum residue levels (MRL), which is, 0,01 mg/kg. In contrast, difeno- conazole and famoxadone, have a LQ of 0,007 mg/kg and 0,008 mg/kg, respectively. The evaluated matrices showed recoveries between 90% and 105%, with a CV between 4,78% and 8,20%, under re- peatability conditions, and 7,62% and 11,95%, under intermediate precision conditions and an uncer- tainty of less than 50%. Thus, all criteria were met confirming the applicability of the method for de- tecting pesticide residues in soil.
The presence of pesticide residues in soil is an increasingly worrying matter due to the excessive use, persistence and toxicity of pesticides. This issue raises environmental and toxicological concerns due to the lack of sufficient information in European legislation regarding maximum authorized limits. The purpose of this work is to develop and validate an analytical method, using liquid chromatography couple with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), capable of detecting and quantifying these resi- dues. Given that soil is a complex matrix, pesticide residues were extracted using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method, as it proved to be a more sustainable and faster alternative when compared to conventional methods. The method was validated for the pesticides azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, and famoxadone, following the acceptance criteria reported in SANTE/11312/2021 for linearity, working range, repeatability, intermediate precision and accuracy. The method shows good linearity (R2 > 0,995), covering a working range from 5 ppb to 100 ppb, with high specificity and selectivity in identifying the three pesticide residues under study, which present a limit od detection (LOD) close to 0,003 mg/kg. In the case of limit of quantification (LOQ), azoxystrobin has a value equivalent to the maximum residue levels (MRL), which is, 0,01 mg/kg. In contrast, difeno- conazole and famoxadone, have a LQ of 0,007 mg/kg and 0,008 mg/kg, respectively. The evaluated matrices showed recoveries between 90% and 105%, with a CV between 4,78% and 8,20%, under re- peatability conditions, and 7,62% and 11,95%, under intermediate precision conditions and an uncer- tainty of less than 50%. Thus, all criteria were met confirming the applicability of the method for de- tecting pesticide residues in soil.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Resíduos de pesticidas LC-MS/MS Validação de Métodos Solos QuEChERS
