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Prevalence of depression among family caregiver of disabled children attending rehabilitation clinic in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: According to national statistics, there is 667 thousands individuals with disability in Saudi Arabia, with approximately 56% of them are children under the age of 15 years. Although family caregiving is the most common form of caregiving in Saudi Arabia, there is limited local data that assess the psychological impact of providing caregiving for family members with disability.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and the predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among caregivers who are providing caregiving for family members with disability at primary care setting.
METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study has been conducted between April and October 2017 among caregivers who are providing caregiving for family members with disability at two rehabilitation clinics in Dammam and Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire which included socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the caregiver and his/her family member with disability. Caregivers’ depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, respectively.
RESULTS: A total 93 caregivers have been included in the current analysis. The majority of caregivers were married (92.4%), females (97.8%), with an average age of 35.1±8.7 years. The majority of family members with disability were males (70.7%), children (87%), with an average age of 10.2±13.1 years. On average, caregivers were providing caregiving for 6.0±5.7 hours per day for approximately 5.5±3.6 years. The average PHQ-9 score was 4.3±2.7 points and the average GAD-7 score was 4.1±3.0 points. Considering the clinical cutoff point (i.e. PHQ-9 or
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GAD-7 ≥10), the prevalence was 1.1% for depression, 2.2% for anxiety, and 2.2% for depression or anxiety combined. Including mild depression or anxiety (i.e. PHQ-9 or GAD-7 ≥5), the prevalence was 54.8% for depression, 43.0% for anxiety, and 59.1% for depression or anxiety. In multivariate analysis, the caregiver feeling that family member with disability represent a source of stress for the family was the only independent predictor for the presence of depression or anxiety (even of mild degree) among caregivers.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the current study revealed mild degree of depression and anxiety among caregivers (mainly mothers) who were providing caregiving for family members with disability (mainly their children) and attending one of two rehabilitation clinics at the Eastern Saudi Arabia. Considering the clinical cutoff point, the current prevalence rates seem much lower than the rates reported internationally. While it is difficult to give a definitive explanation, the difference may reflect cultural and other healthcare differences. Further studies are required to confirm the current finding and to answer several other related questions.
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Disability Family caregiving Saudi Arabia