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As relações entre Portugal e China e o seu reflexo na aprendizagem da língua portuguesa em Macau, desde 1974
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Macau sempre foi um lugar onde diferentes culturas se encontram. Ao fim de 450 anos de governo português, o território é entregue à China a 20 de Dezembro de 1999. Toda uma conjuntura tripartida de teor político e social teve de acontecer para que esta entrega fosse feita pacificamente. Os motivos históricos por detrás de Portugal e da China, desde 1974 (especialmente depois de 25 Abril), tiveram impacto em Macau e como esta se revia como cidade e como meio unificador entre duas nações e por consequência o resto do Mundo. A Língua Portuguesa sempre esteve no centro de uma imposição linguística na população chinesa de Macau (macaenses de origem chinesa e macaenses de origem portuguesa). E, até 1979, não entendiam que a Lusofonia era parte cultural, social e identitária integrante do território. O português, mais do que uma língua do Governo, era uma das línguas usadas no território (a um nível social ainda que fosse em minoria). Mas é no período de transição e imposição de uma segunda língua oficial (chinês - mandarim) que o português começa a ganhar valor e especialmente o seu ensino nas escolas em Macau. A República Popular da China, com a sua abertura ao mundo comercial e económico, em inícios do século XXI, e a sua política “um país dois sistemas” veio modificar a mente da população, particularmente os jovens que estudam para um futuro promissor. Hoje em dia, passados dezassete anos, a Língua Portuguesa tem uma grande procura como Língua Estrangeira na China. Muitas são as instituições a apostar nela, especialmente o Governo da República Popular da China. Com este estudo pretende-se efectuar um resumo histórico (social e político bem como educacional) do ensino do Português como Língua Estrangeira no território chinês, especificamente na região de Macau pelo seu processo histórico de cariz lusófono. De 1974 até hoje, várias foram as mudanças, acordos, despachos, decretos-lei e memorandos que registaram a Língua Portuguesa como uma necessidade no território. Presentemente, Macau (a Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China) segue o seu destino de ponte entre o Ocidente e o Oriente, e como veículo conector do Português Língua Estrangeira.
Macao was always a place where different cultures meet. After 450 years of Portuguese rulership, the territory is handed over to China on 20 December of 1999. All of a tripartite juncture had to happen for this transfer to be done peacefully. The historical motivation behind Portugal and China, since 1974 (especially after April 25th), had an impact in Macao and how it was reviewed as a city and as an unifying intermediate between two nations and therefore the rest of the world. The Portuguese language has always been in the center of a language imposition in Macao’s Chinese population (Macanese of Chinese origin and Macanese of Portuguese origin). And, until 1979, they didn’t understand that the Lusophony was an integral part of a cultural, social and identity territory. The Portuguese, more than a language of the government, was one of the languages used in the territory (at a social level even if it were a minority). But it is in the transition period and the imposition of a second official language (Chinese - Mandarin) that the Portuguese language begins to gain value and especially its teaching in schools in Macao. The People's Republic of China, with its openness to trade and economic world in the early twenty-first century, and its policy of "one country two systems" has modified the minds of the population, particularly young people studying for a promising future. Nowadays, after seventeen years, the Portuguese Language has a great demand as a Foreign Language in China. Many are the institutes to invest in it, especially the Government of the People's Republic of China. This study aims to make a historical summary (social and political as well as educational) of the Portuguese teaching as a Foreign Language in the Chinese territory, specifically in the Macao region because of its Lusophone historical process. From 1974 until today, there were several changes, agreements, orders, decrees and memoranda that registered the Portuguese language as a necessity in the territory. At the present time, Macao (Special Administrative Region of Macao of People’s Republic of China) follows its destiny as a bridge between the West and the East, and as a connector agent of the Portuguese Foreign Language.
Macao was always a place where different cultures meet. After 450 years of Portuguese rulership, the territory is handed over to China on 20 December of 1999. All of a tripartite juncture had to happen for this transfer to be done peacefully. The historical motivation behind Portugal and China, since 1974 (especially after April 25th), had an impact in Macao and how it was reviewed as a city and as an unifying intermediate between two nations and therefore the rest of the world. The Portuguese language has always been in the center of a language imposition in Macao’s Chinese population (Macanese of Chinese origin and Macanese of Portuguese origin). And, until 1979, they didn’t understand that the Lusophony was an integral part of a cultural, social and identity territory. The Portuguese, more than a language of the government, was one of the languages used in the territory (at a social level even if it were a minority). But it is in the transition period and the imposition of a second official language (Chinese - Mandarin) that the Portuguese language begins to gain value and especially its teaching in schools in Macao. The People's Republic of China, with its openness to trade and economic world in the early twenty-first century, and its policy of "one country two systems" has modified the minds of the population, particularly young people studying for a promising future. Nowadays, after seventeen years, the Portuguese Language has a great demand as a Foreign Language in China. Many are the institutes to invest in it, especially the Government of the People's Republic of China. This study aims to make a historical summary (social and political as well as educational) of the Portuguese teaching as a Foreign Language in the Chinese territory, specifically in the Macao region because of its Lusophone historical process. From 1974 until today, there were several changes, agreements, orders, decrees and memoranda that registered the Portuguese language as a necessity in the territory. At the present time, Macao (Special Administrative Region of Macao of People’s Republic of China) follows its destiny as a bridge between the West and the East, and as a connector agent of the Portuguese Foreign Language.
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Palavras-chave
Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE) Macau Região Administrativa Especial de Macau (RAEM) China História Ensino Político-Social Portugal Aprendizagem Língua Portuguesa (LP) Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PLE) Macao Macao Special Administrative Region (RAEM) History Social Politics Teaching Learning Portuguese Language (LP)