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Exploring musical self-efficacy and performance anxiety in young violin learners
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Introduction: Music self-efficacy (MSE) and music performance anxiety (MPA) are critical issues in music education. This study examines MSE, including both music learning self-efficacy (MLSE) and music performance self-efficacy (MPSE), as well as MPA, among undergraduate violin students in mainland China.Methods: Data were collected via an online survey distributed to students from 11 music conservatories, resulting in 254 valid responses.Results and discussion: The results revealed moderate levels of MLSE and MPSE, with no significant gender differences. Differences were observed across academic years, with lower-year students reporting higher MLSE and MPSE than upper-year students. Conservatory level also influenced MLSE and MPSE, with A-level students scoring higher than B- and C-level students. MPA levels were generally high, but no gender or academic year differences were observed. However, a U-shaped pattern of MPA across conservatory levels was identified, with A- and C-level students experiencing higher anxiety than B-level students. Notably, MLSE was positively associated with MPA, while MPSE showed a negative association, suggesting that the two types of self-efficacy play divergent roles in MPA. These findings indicate that while MLSE and MPSE are moderately correlated, they differentially influence violin students’ MPA.
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Music anxiety Music learning self-efficacy Music performance self-efficacy Musical instrument education Violin undergraduates